Packaging materials potential hazards

Once you have selected the quantities of material, hazard criteria, and representative materials, consequence models can determine the potential hazard zone. Generally, several of the releases will be very similar and it may be possible to reduce the number of modelling runs by grouping similar releases together. The modelling package you choose will provide guidance on how to set up and run the models. 

Since full analyses are carried out, a lot of data are generated. Every parameter is reviewed for trends that signal product aging or outright decomposition of the active principle this can be as cosmetic in nature as discoloration or as potentially hazardous as buildup of toxic derivatives. If the drug substance is an ester, for example, hydrolysis, particularly if moisture penetrates the primary packaging material, will decompose the compound into its acid and alcohol components. From a pharmaceutical or medical viewpoint, even if there is no toxicity issue involved, this will result in a loss of bioavailability. Even this is to be avoided because subpotency introduces therapeutic uncertainty and can go as far as lethal undertreatment. 

The composition of industrial wastes varies depending on the industrial structure of a country or region. It consists of general rubbish, packaging, food wastes, acids, alkalis, oils, solvents, resins, paints, mine spoils and sludges. A proportion of the industrial waste is classified as hazardous waste because it contains materials that are presently or potentially hazardous to humans and other living organisms. 

Drum and package shipment of hazardous materials involve a number of hazard potentials. For example ... 

The paint area provides necessary equipment for renovation, painting, and restencilling of dunnage and packaging materials, separating this work area from potentially more hazardous areas. 

The higher the potential hazards of LSA materials and SCOs, the greater should be the integrity of the package, hi assessing the potential hazards, the physical form of the LSA material has been taken into account. 

This chapter will describe the possible risks according to their sources. In particular, the respective filling and capping equipment as well as the process characteristics are reviewed. The packaging materials and their specific risk potentials are addressed. In addition, the supply with water, air and carbon dioxide together with the microbiological hazards in the direct filler periphery (environment) is listed. 

At the present time, however, by far the greatest potential hazard to the environment lies with one-way packaging containers or wrappings. These are largely superseding traditional materials such as cardboard, glass and metals, and offer a number of inherent advantages over these materials. 

Suppliers of chemicals in the UK are required to classify potential hazards and provide information using package labels and Material Safety Data Sheets. Standard UN and EU symbols are used to identify different chemicals and industrial hazards. These are shown in Figures 5.11 and 5.12 respectively. Further information on individual... 

Polymers and higher a-olefins are not toxic their main potential health hazards are associated with residual monomer, antioxidants, and catalyst residues. In particular, PB and PMP are inert materials and usually present no health hazard. PMP is employed extensively for a number of medical and food packaging applications. 

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