Ether ethyl—

In the laboratory ether is produced by dehydrating 1 mole of HzO from 2 moles of ethyl alcohol. 

Diethyl ether is a highly flammable liquid. Take care when you use ethers in the laboratory. 

Arrange the following compounds in order of decreasing melting points. 

Write the structural formulae and the names of the alcohols which have the molecular formula of 

Explain the primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol terms by giving an example of each. 

Reinhardt CF, Brittelli MR Heterocyclic and miscellaneous nitrogen compounds. In Clayton GD, Clayton FE (eds) Patty s Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 3rd ed, rev, Vol 2 A, Toxicology, pp 2672-2676. New York, Wiley-Interscience, 1981 

Theiss AM et al Aziridines. In International Labor Office Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Vol I, A-K, pp 228-230. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1983 

Garpenter GP, Smyth HF Jr, Shaffer GB The acute toxicity of ethylene imine to small animals. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 30 2-6, 1948 

Silver SD, McGrath FP A comparison of acute toxicities of ethyleneimine and ammonia to mice.y Ind Hyg Toxicol 30 7-9, 1948 

lARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, Vol 9, Some azirdines, N-, S- and 0-mustards and selenium. Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1975 

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DI-ETHYL ETHER 212-353 -1.110SE402 -1 6936E>03 -8.7474E-02 2.4377E 01 4.031OE-OS... 

A9 OI-ETHYL ETHER -A 6ABAEa02 1.6148EA0A 1.2219E-01 B.6S98EA01... 

CARBON TETRACHLORIDE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE CARBON TETRACH.OR lOE CYCLOHEXANE CYCLOHEXANE CYCLOHEXANE CYCLOHEXANE CYCLOHEXANE 1 2-OlCHLOROETHANE I,2-DICHLORDETHANE 1 (2-DtCHLOROETHANE OI-ETHYL ETHER DI-ETHYL ETHER DI-ETHVL ETHER 01-ETHYL ETHER OI-ETHYL ETHER OI-ETHYL ETHER ETHYL ACETATE ETHYL ACETATE... 

Outside of hydrocarbons, certain organic oxygenated compounds such as the alcohols and ethers are henceforth utilized in the formulation of gasolines. These are mostly methanol, ethanol, propanols and butanols, as well as methyl and ethyl ethers obtained from and Cj olefins ... 

In absolute ethanol solution, the ethyl ether and the corresponding hydrocarbon are formed, the latter by reduction of the diazonium compound by the ethanol, which is itself oxidised to acetaldehyde ... 

Finally distil from a well-lagged Widmer flask (compare Figs. II, 24, 2-5) over a little sodium. Collect the cycZo hexyl ethyl ether at 148-150°. The yield is 21 g. If the sodium is appreciably attacked, repeat the distillation from a fresh quantity of sodium. 

With simple aromatic compounds, appreciable quantities of the corresponding ethyl ethers are formed as by-products ... 

Methyl and ethyl ethers of phenols are most conveniently prepared by alkylation with dimethyl sulphate and diethyl sulphate respectively in weakly alkaline solution, for example ... 

After all the diethyl sulphate has been introduced, reflux the mixture gently for 2 hours with stirring. Transfer the diluted reaction mixture to a separatory funnel, run oflF the lower aqueous layer, wash successively with water, dilute sulphuric acid (twice), and with water until the washings are neutral to litmus. Dry over anhydrous calcium chloride or magnesium sulphate, and distil. Collect the phenyl ethyl ether (a colourless liquid) at 168-170°. The yield is 50 g. 

Chloroacetaldehyde is unstable and lachrymatory it is therefore usually generated in situ by the action of water upon ap-dichloroethyl ethyl ether ... 

Ethyl Ether-this is a condensed and modified version take from... 

Acetic Anhydride Acetone Benzyl Chloride Ethyl Ether HCI (Gas)... 

Exp. 4) in 10 min with cooling at -30°C. After an additional 15 min 0.30 mol of a-chlororaethyl ethyl ether (note 2) was introduced in 10 min, while keeping the temperature between -20 and -30°C. A white precipitate of lithium chloride was formed. The cooling bath was then removed and the temperature was allowed to rise to +10°C. The mixture was hydrolyzed by shaking it with 200 ml of a solution of 30 g of ammonium chloride, to which 5 ml of aqueous ammonia had been added. 

To a solution of 0.40 mol of butyllithium in about 280 ml of hexane were added 280 ml of dry THF with cooling below -10°C. Subsequently 0.40 mol of 1,1-diethoxy--2-propyne (see Chapter V, Exp. 28) was introduced in 15 min at -30 to -10°C. To the solution obtained was then added in 15 min with cooling at about -15°C 0.40 mol of chloromethyl ethyl ether (note 2). After the addition stirring was continued for 1 h without cooling. The mixture was then shaken with concentrated ammonium chloride solution and the ethereal layer was separated off. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with diethyl ether. After drying the ethereal solutions over magnesium sulfate the diethyl ether was evaporated in a water-pump vacuum. 

Grignard reagents (Section 14 4) Grignard reagents are prepared in a manner similar to that used for organolithium compounds Di ethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are appro priate solvents... 

Write equations describing two different ways in which benzyl ethyl ether could be prepared by a Williamson ether synthesis J... 

Mass Spectrometry Ethers like alcohols lose an alkyl radical from their molecular ion to give an oxygen stabilized cation Thus m/z 73 and m/z 87 are both more abun dant than the molecular ion m the mass spectrum of sec butyl ethyl ether... 

Although multiplying affixes may be omitted for very common compounds when no ambiguity is caused thereby, such affixes are generally included throughout this handbook in alphabetical listings. An example would be ethyl ether for diethyl ether. 

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