System ethyl ether

Smits first established experimentally that phase behavior of the type shown in Fig. 8 is possible, with his classic investigation of the system ethyl ether + anthraquinone.76-83 83 84 The temperature and pressure of the principal points of the phase diagram are... 

Kablukov, LA., Malischeva, V.T. (1925) The volumetric method of measurement of the mutual solubility of liquids. The mutual solubihty of the systems ethyl ether-water and iso-amyl alcohol-water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 47, 1553-1561. 

Fig. lA illustrates the phase behavior of the system ethyl ether - - methanol. Two characterizations of this system are presented. The solid line explicitly treats the solvation interaction (A = 0.03 , = 17.5kJ/mol) whereas the dashed line assumes zero solvation energy... 

Fig. 4-9. Estimation of vapor-liquid equilibria for system ethyl ether-water at 60 C.

Tetrahydronaphthalene [119-64-2] (Tetralin) is a water-white Hquid that is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in methyl alcohol, and completely soluble in other monohydric alcohols, ethyl ether, and most other organic solvents. It is a powerhil solvent for oils, resins, waxes, mbber, asphalt, and aromatic hydrocarbons, eg, naphthalene and anthracene. Its high flash point and low vapor pressure make it usehil in the manufacture of paints, lacquers, and varnishes for cleaning printing ink from rollers and type in the manufacture of shoe creams and floor waxes as a solvent in the textile industry and for the removal of naphthalene deposits in gas-distribution systems (25). The commercial product typically has a tetrahydronaphthalene content of >97 wt%, with some decahydronaphthalene and naphthalene as the principal impurities. 

Inhalation is the most common means by which ethers enter the body. The effects of various ethers may include narcosis, irritation of the nose, throat, and mucous membranes, and chronic or acute poisoning. In general, ethers are central nervous system depressants, eg, ethyl ether and vinyl ether are used as general anesthetics. 

If an ethyl ether fire occurs, carbon dioxide, carbon tetrachloride, and dry chemical fire extinguishers meeting National Eire Prevention Association Code 1 and 2 requirements may be used successhiUy (23). Water may also be effectively appHed (see Plant safety). Hose streams played into open tanks of burning ethyl ether serve only to scatter the Hquid and spread the fire. However, ether fires may be extinguished by a high pressure water spray that cools the burning surface and smothers the fire. Automatic sprinklers and deluge systems are also effective. 

Acetic acid-water Pinched system Ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, diethyl ether, dichloroethane, butyl acetate ... 

SO as to end the air mixture to adsorber No. 2. The system is then fully automatic. Solvents which have been successfully recovered by the activated carbon adsorption method include methanol, ethanol, butanol, chlorinated hydrocarbons including perchlorethylene, which boils at 121 C (250 °F), ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, the acetates up to amyl acetate, benzene, toluene, xylene, mineral spirits, naphtha, gasoline, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, hexane, carbon disulfide, and others. 

Systems which are formally similar to ethyl ether + anthra-... 

Preparative TLC (System I, 85 15 2 chloroform/methanol /water followed by System IV, 50 50 2 hexane/ethyl ether/formic acid) of the chloroform/acetone fraction produced 43 separate bands, 33 of which had definite activity. IR spectra of these active bands were strikingly similar, exibitlng the same major features as noted for the unseparated chloroform/acetone fraction. UV spectra were also similar absorption at 275 and 220 nm, with the latter being strongest. 

Korkisch and Koch [106,107] determined low concentrations of uranium in seawater by extraction and ion exchange in a solvent system containing trioctyl phosphine oxide. Uranium is extracted from the sample solution (adjusted to be 1 M in hydrochloric acid and to contain 0.5% of ascorbic acid) with 0.1 M trioctylphos-phine oxide in ethyl ether. The extract is treated with sufficient 2-methoxyethanol and 12 M hydrochloric acid to make the solvent composition 2-methoxyethanol-0.1 M ethereal trioctylphosphine acid-12 M hydrochloric acid (9 10 1) this solution is applied to a column of Dowex 1-X8 resin (Cl" form). Excess of trioctylphosphine oxide is removed by washing the column with the same solvent mixture. Molybdenum is removed by elution with 2-methoxyethanol-30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide-12 M hydrochloric... 

Singh utilized anionic dyes to detect gramicidin on paper chromatograms184. Paris and Theallet described three paper chromatographic systems for gramicidin185. Ritschel and Lercher described two solvent systems for antibioticsiOD. The solvent systems were butanol-pyridine-acetic acid-water (15 10 3 12) and water saturated butanol-water saturated ethyl ether-acetic acid (5 1 1) on Schleicher and Schull 2043b paper. The antibiotics were visualized by ninhydrin. 

Methyl ethyl ether, 10 567 Methyl ethyl ketazine (MEK), 13 582, 583 Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), 13 700 14 581 adipic acid solubility, l 555t azeotrope with methanol, 8 801 in MEK—MIPK—water system, 22 304-305, 306, 307 peroxide, 14 292... 

When the source of initiation is altered from ionising radiation to UV, analogous additive effects to those previously discussed have been found. For reasonable rates of reaction, sensitisers such as benzoin ethyl ether (B) are required in these UV processes. Thus inclusion of mineral acid or lithium perchlorate in the monomer solution leads to enhancement in the photografting of styrene in methanol to polyethylene or cellulose (Table V). Lithium nitrate is almost as effective as lithium perchlorate as salt additive in these reactions (Table VI), hence the salt additive effect is independent of the anion in this instance. When TMPTA is included with mineral acid in the monomer solution, synergistic effects with the photografting of styrene in methanol to polyethylene are observed (Table VII) consistent with the analogous ionising radiation system. 

We then designed model studies by adsorbing cinchonidine from CCU solution onto a polycrystalline platinum disk, and then rinsing the platinum surface with a solvent. The fate of the adsorbed cinchonidine was monitored by reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) that probes the adsorbed cinchonidine on the surface. By trying 54 different solvents, we are able to identify two broad trends (Figure 17) [66]. For the first trend, the cinchonidine initially adsorbed at the CCR-Pt interface is not easily removed by the second solvent such as cyclohexane, n-pentane, n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, toluene, benzene, ethyl ether, chlorobenzene, and formamide. For the second trend, the initially established adsorption-desorption equilibrium at the CCR-Pt interface is obviously perturbed by flushing the system with another solvent such as dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, and acetic acid. These trends can already explain the above-mentioned observations made by catalysis researchers, in the sense that the perturbation of initially established adsorption-desorption equilibrium is related to the nature of the solvent. 

Toxicology. Ethyl ether causes eye and respiratory irritation, and, at high concentrations, it produces central nervous system depression and narcosis. 

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