Ethyl-tert-butyl ether

Oxygen was added as oxygenated hydrocarbon components methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), di-isopropyl ether (DIPE), ethanol, methanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA). The properties of oxygenates, as they relate to gasoline blending, are shown in Table 10-1. 

Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) Ethanol + /.sobutylene... 

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has identified several hundred MTBE-contaminated sites that have performed treatment of soil and groundwater to remove or destroy MTBE.1 Many of these sites have also treated other fuel components, primarily benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and some have treated fuel oxygenates other than MTBE. Although others have reported about treatment technologies for MTBE cleanup,2 only limited information has been published about cleanup of other oxygenates. These oxygenates include ether compounds, such as ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), and tert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE), as well as alcohol compounds, such as tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), tert-amyl alcohol (TAA), ethanol, and methanol. 

Fig. 5.2 The main crop-to-energy chains. BtL Biomass-to-Liquid, GtL Gas-to-Liquid, ETBE Ethyl tert-butyl ether, MTBE Methyl tert-butyl ether, MeOH Methanol, DME Dimethyl ether. Pyrolysis oil, HTU-Diesel (Hydro Thermal Upgrading), ethanol and hydrogen from ligno-cellulosic species are not considered here because of their minor practical relevance in the near future...

I5 phenyl ethyl ether 37 (Crphenyl)ethyl tert-butyl ether (tentative) 62 C2-benzofuran... 

In the European Union, ethanol is consumed in Spain, France, Sweden and Germany, especially after conversion into ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether), except in Sweden, but its use is increasing in all the other countries. New uses of bioethanol, e.g., in ethanol-direct fuel cells or as raw material for other chemicals, will further expand bioethanol use and production. Table 9.1 summarizes bioethanol production in different countries by 2004 [1], Owing to political decisions (EU directive setting at 5.75% the proportion of biofuels in fuels) and incentive taxation... 

Arce, A., Rodriguez, H., Soto, A., Purification of ethyl tert-butyl ether from its mixtures with ethanol by using an ionic liquid, Chem. Eng.., 115, 219-223, 2006. 

C To convert MJ/L to Btu/gal, multiply by 3589. d MTBE = methyl tert-butyl ether. eETBE = ethyl tert-butyl ether. 

Ethers, such as MTBE and methyl / -amyl ether (TAME) are made by a catalytic process from methanol (qv) and the corresponding isomeric olefin. These ethers have excellent octane values and compete on an economic basis with alkylation for inclusion in gasoline. Another ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) is made from ethanol (qv) and isobutylene (see Butylenes). The cost and economic driving forces to use ETBE vs MTBE or TAME are a function of the raw material costs and any tax incentives that may be provided because of the ethanol that is used to produce it. 

Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether. Ethanol can react with isobutylene to form ETBE much the same way as methanol is now processed into MTBE, methyl tert-butyl ether (see Ethers). 

In addition to MTBE, two other ethers commonly used as fuel additives are tert-xcayi methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl tert-butyl ether [637-92-3] (ETBE). There are a number of properties that are important in gasoline blending (see Gasoline and other motor fuels) (Table 3). 

From a functional point of view, Nguyen et al. examined the pervapora-tion characteristics of CA/P(VP-co-VAc) blends for application as alcohol-selective membrane materials [107]. The blend membranes were shown to be very efficient in the removal of ethanol from its mixture with ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE). ferf-butyl ethers are octane-value enhancers for gasoline, and the synthesis requires an excess of alcohol in the reaction to reach high... 

Ethanol Acetaldehyde, butadiene, diethyl succinate, ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether), ethyl acetate, ethylene Fuel, monomers Gucbilmez etal., 2006 Patel etal., 2006 Rass-Hansen etal., 2007... 

Karpel Vel Leitner N, Papailhou AL, Croue JP, Peyrot J, Dore M. Oxidation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) by ozone and combined ozone/hydrogen peroxide. Ozone Sci Eng 1994 16 41-54. 

The apparent activation energy for the synthesis reaction of methyl tert-butyl ether or MTBE, was found to be 64 KJ/mole. The best activity and selectivity for MTBE were observed at temperatures of 85 - 90 °C, and contact times of circa 2.5 h when the methanol / isobutene molar ratio was kept within the 1.2 - 1.5 range. There was a fierce competition between the ethyl tert-butyl ether formation and that of diethylether at reaction temperatures higher than 85 °C. 

Le VANMAO ET AL. Methyl tert-Butyl Ether and Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether 235... 

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