Ethanol, Absolute

In a reflux apparatus are placed 5 g. of magnesium turnings and 50-75 ml. of commercial absolute ethanol. To this is added 0.5 g. of iodine, and the mixture is warmed until most of the magnesium has reacted to form the ethoxide. The addition of a second 0.5-g. portion of iodine may be necessary to initiate the reaction. Commercial absolute ethanol is then added in an amount not exceeding 900 ml. 

The mixture is refluxed for 30 minutes, and the resulting dried ethanol is distilled. These operations are conducted in apparatus which allows exclusion of moisture of the air. 

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Ethanol absolute Trichloroacetic acid Chloroform Methanol... 

Sulfuric acid (95—97%) Acetic anhydride Methanol Ethanol absolute... 

Ethyl alcohol, also called ethanol, absolute alcohol, or grain alcohol, is a clear, colorless, flammable liquid with a pleasant odor. It is associated primarily with alcoholic beverages, but it has numerous uses in the chemical industry. The word alcohol is derived from the Arabic word al kuhul, which was a fine powder of the element antimony used as a cosmetic. In Medieval times, the word al kuhul came to be associated with the distilled products known as alcohols. The hydroxyl group, -OH, bonded to a carbon, characterizes alcohols. Ethyl is derived from the root of the two-carbon hydrocarbon ethane. 

To a hot solution 199.3 g (0.1 mol) of phenothiazine in 2 L of dry benzene was added a little quantity of bromine and then were added dropwise 136 g (0.1 mol) of chloroacetyle chloride. Then a mixture was refluxed for 5 hours. After cooling the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Product was dissolved at reflux in ethanol absolute and filtered. At room temperature was crystallized chloracetyl-10-phenothiazine with 123°C yield 242 g. 

To a solution 257.5 g (1 mol) of o-isopropylphenyloxy-acetimino ether hydrochloride in 500 ml ethanol absolute were added 54 g (0.9 mol) of dry ethylene diamine. A mixture was refluxed for 3 hours. Then the mixture was cooled, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. o-Isopropylphenyloxy-methyl-2-imidazoline obtained was crystallized from acetone M.P. 174°C Yield 70%. 

Dissolve in ethanol-chloroform (1 1) Silica Ethanol (absolute)-toluene (2 98) Vanillin acid BP. vol. 11. p. 321 and p, 797... 

Tablets TLC Shake powder with ethanol (absolute), centrifuge, expose plate to carbon dioside, 2 min Silica Chloroform-acetic acid (4 1) with 0.02% butylated hydroxytoluene 254 nm BP, vol. II. p. 798. for eye ointment, p. 572. EP, pt. 11-9, p. 418 [6] TLC [ 1,8,1041] GC [2,8] HPLC [8.9.10421 HI...

The ethanol obtained by the reactions shown was characterized by its enzymatic behavior, rather than by optical properties. The acetaldehyde obtained on treatment with alcohol dehydrogenase retained 2H. Since the (— )-enantiomer of [2-2H]ethanol behaves in the same way, it follows that (S)-[2-2H]ethanol (absolute configuration defined by its derivation from (S )-[2-2 H]glycolate) is levorotatory. 

To a perfectly dry 250-mL round-bottomed flask add 50 mL of absolute ethanol. Absolute ethanol is 100% ethanol, specially dried. To the ethanol add 0.46 g (0.2 mole) of sodium metal. The sodium is most easily handled in the form of small spheres, which are stored in mineral spirits. Using apair of tweezers rinse the spheres in dry ligroin, blot them dry, and weigh them in a beaker. Transfer the sodium to the flask containing the dry ethanol, and fit the flask with a reflux condenser (see Fig. 2 in Chapter 1). Add a calcium chloride tube (Fig. 1 in Chapter 31) to the top of the condenser to prevent moisture from diffusing into the flask. Warm the flask on the steam bath to dissolve the last traces of sodium. To the sodium ethoxide solution add 4.32 g (0.2 mole) of dry diethyl n-butylmalonate followed by a hot solution of 1.2 g (0.2 mole) of dry urea in 22 mL of absolute ethanol. Reflux the resulting mixture on the steam bath for 2 h. At first the reaction may bump. Clamp the apparatus firmly. 

Trichloroethylene and ethanol absolute can be purchased from Panreac (no 161749) acetone from Sigma-Aldrich (179124-2L). 

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