Ethyl r-butyl ether

Methyl t-butyl ether, CHjOCICHj). Mol. wt. 88.15, b.p. 53-56°. Suppliers Aldrich, Eastman. Ethyl r-butyl ether is also available from Aldrich and Eastman. 

Ethyl 3-butenoate, 306 Ethyl r-butyl ether, 333 l-Ethyl-4-carbomethoxypyridinium iodide, 438... 

The EPA proposal on use of renewable resources, referred to in section 12.7.1, could mean some displacement of MTBE by ethanol addition or substitution of ethanol for methanol in the above reaction, to give ETBE (ethyl r-butyl ether) in future. 

Peroxides. These are formed by aerial oxidation or by autoxidation of a wide range of organic compounds, including diethyl ether, allyl ethyl ether, allyl phenyl ether, dibenzyl ether, benzyl butyl ether, n-butyl ether, iso-butyl ether, r-butyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, olefins, and aromatic and saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. They accumulate during distillation and can detonate violently on evaporation or distillation when their concentration becomes high. If peroxides are likely to be present materials should be tested for peroxides before distillation (for tests see entry under "Ethers", in Chapter 2). Also, distillation should be discontinued when at least one quarter of the residue is left in the distilling flask. 

All of the above high-volume organic chemicals are obtained from petroleum or natural gas. This is why the modern organic chemical industry is frequently referred to as the petrochemical industry. The high-volume status of some of these compounds is due to their use to make others lower on the list. For example, ethylene is used to make ethylene dichloride, which, in turn, is used to make vinyl chloride. Ethyl benzene, made from benzene and ethylene, is used to make styrene. Methyl r-butyl ether is made from methanol and butylene, a captive intermediate for which production data is not available. 

Wallington, T.J., Dagaut, P., Liu, R., and Kurylo, MJ. Gas-phase reactions of hydroxy radicals with the fuel additives methyl f-butyl ether and f-butyl alcohol over the temperature range 240-440 K, Environ. Sci. TechnoL, 22(7) 842-844, 1988c. Wallington, T.J. and Japar, S.M. Atmospheric chemistry of diethyl ether and ethyl ferf-butyl ether. Environ. Sci TechnoL, 25(3) 410-415, 1991. 

For NPLC, the three solvents selected were the same as those recommended by Snyder, except that methyl-r-butyl ether is substituted for ethyl ether. The (nonpolar) carrier solvent recommended is hexane, and the stationary phase is silica. 

Quitain, A.T. Itoh, H Goto, S. Reactive distillation for synthesizing ethyl tert-butyl ether from bioethanol. In Reaction Engineering for Pollution Prevention, Abraham, M.A., Hesketh, R.P., Eds. Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2000 237-246. 

Steffan, R.J., K. McClay, S. Vainberg, C.W. Condee, and D. Zhang. 1997. Biodegradation of the gasoline oxygenates methyl ferf-butyl ether, ethyl ferf-butyl ether, and amyl ferf-butyl ether by propane-oxidizing bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63 4216-4222. 

Nihl n A, LOf A, Johanson G (1995) Liquid/air partition coefficients of methyl and ethyl t-butyl ethers, r-amyl methyl ether, and Gbutyl alcohol. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 5 573-582... 

Bond JA, Medinsky MA, Wolf DC, Dorman DC, Cattley R, Farris G, Wong B, Morgan K, Janszen D, Turner MJ, Simmer SCJ (1996a) Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) ninety-day vapor inhalation toxicity study with neurotoxicity evaluations in Fischer 344 rats. CUT Project ID 95029, unpublished study for ARCO Chemical Company, PA, USA... 

GLAUDE P.A., BATTIN-LECLERC F., JUDENHERC B., WARTH V., FOURNET R., COME G.M., SCACCHI G., DAGAUT P., CATHONNET M., Experimental and Modelling Study of the Gas-Phase Oxidation of Methyl and Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ethers, Comb. Flame, 121, 345 (2000). 

Chromatographic techniques require various procedures to isolate the drugs from biological matrices. In the reviewed methods, two distinct approaches are applied liquid-liquid extraction and direct injection into a chromatographic system. Diethyl ether and ethyl acetate,chloroform,toluene, benzene, methyl r-butyl ether, and n-butyl chloride are used as solvents to obtain recoveries well over 80% for all considered compounds. However, manual sample preparation can be labor and time intensive. Therefore, direct injection is used as a highly automated methodol-ogy. The direct injection of complex samples, however, may lead to contamination of columns, thereby impairing their performance. Contamination often persists, even when a precolumn is used to protect the analytical column. A summary of these chromatographic methods for determination of sulfonylureas is presented in Table 1. 

The upper organic phase was used as the stationary phase (SP) and the lower aqueous phase as the mobile phase (MP), except in DPC(2C, where the relationship is reversed MBE methyl-r-butyl ether AcN acetonitrile BuOH n-butanol Hex hexane EtOAc ethyl acetate MeOH methanol AcONUt ammonium acetate DEE diethyl ether DPCCC displacement mode. 

Horstmann, S. Gardeler, H. Boelts, R. Rarey, J.j Gmehling, J. Isothermal vapor-hquid equihbrium and excess enthalpy data for the binary systems diethyl ether -l- ethyl tert-butyl ether, 1-pentene + methyl acetate, and propene + 2-propanol J. Chem. Eng. Data 1999,44, 383-387... 

Ethers are solvents of low to moderate polarity. They are proton acceptors and in general have dipole moments much lower than those of alcohols. Ethers readily solubilize nonpolar to moderately polar solutes. Ethers also run the gamut of solubility with water. THF and dioxane are miscible, whereas ethyl ether and methyl r-butyl ether (MrBE) are immiscible. THF and dioxane are therefore commonly used as the organic component in a binary solvent for RP separations. Ethyl ether and MrBE are used as the polar constituents in NP separations or in ternary aqueous solvents (with a mutually miscible third component such as IPA) for RP separations. 

Methyl-seobutyi ether 65 Ethyl-fert-butyl ether 75 Methyl-r butyl ether... 

Del Rio, A. Horstmann, S. Renundo, J. A. R. Gmehling, J. Isothermal vapor-Uquid equilibrium and excess enthalpy data for the binary systems methyl teit-butyl ether -t cyclohexane and ethyl teit-butyl ether + cyclohexane, n-hexane, and n-heptane in a temperature range from 298.15 to 393.15 K/. Chem. Eng. Data2001,46,1181-1187... 

Tertiary butanol, the by-product of the tertiary butyl hydroperoxide-based process, is used in the manufacture of methyl r-butyl ether (MET). This is shown by the second step of reaction 8.5.2.1. In the 2-ethyl phenyl hydroperoxide-based process, as shown by the last step of reaction 8.5.2.2, the by-product 2-phenyl ethanol is dehydrated to give styrene. 

---