Steam distilled turpentine

Turpentine Oil. The world s largest-volume essential oil, turpentine [8006-64-2] is produced ia many parts of the world. Various species of piaes and balsamiferous woods are used, and several different methods are appHed to obtain the oils. Types of turpentines include dry-distiUed wood turpentine from dry distillation of the chopped woods and roots of pines steam-distilled wood turpentine which is steam-distilled from pine wood or from solvent extracts of the wood and sulfate turpentine, which is a by-product of the production of sulfate ceUulose. From a perfumery standpoint, steam-distilled wood turpentine is the only important turpentine oil. It is rectified to yield pine oil, yellow or white as well as wood spirits of turpentine. Steam-distilled turpentine oil is a water-white mobile Hquid with a refreshing warm-balsamic odor. American turpentine oil contains 25—35% P-pinene (22) and about 50% a-pinene (44). European and East Indian turpentines are rich in a-pinene (44) withHtfle P-pinene (22), and thus are exceUent raw materials... 

TURPENTINE OIL TURPENTINE OIL, RECTIFIER TURPENTINE STEAM DISTILLED TURPENTINE SUBSTITUTE (UN 1300) pOT)... 

Synonyms Gum spirits Turps Gum thus D.D. turpentine Wood turpentine Oil of turpentine Rectified turpentine oil Spirits of turpentine Sulfate wood turpentine Sulfate turpentine Gum turpentine Steam-distilled turpentine Turpentine oil G 4134... 

Caswell No. 900 EINECS 232-350-7 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 084501 FEMA No. 3089 Gum spirits of turpentine Gum turpentine HSDB 204 Oil of turpentine, rectified Oil of turpentine Oil of turpentine, distillation residue Purified gum spirits Purified turpentine Rectified turpentine Spirit of turpentine Spirits of turpentine Sulfate turpentine Terebenthine Terpentin oel Terpentine Turpentine Turpentine oil, rectified Turpentine spirits Turpentine, steam-distiiled (Pinus spp.) Turpentine steam distilled Turpentine substitute [Flammable liquid] Turpentine [Flammable liquid) UN1299 UN1300 Wood turpentine. FDA approved for inhalants, BP compliance. Used as a solvent, rubifacient, diuretic, used in inhalants, liniments and in preparations for respiratory tract disorders. Colorless liquid insoluble in H2O d = 0.860 - 0.875. TLV = 100 ppm in air. Spectrum Chem. Manufacturing. 

SYNONYMS gumspirits, gum turpentine, spirits of turpentine, steam distilled turpentine, sulfate wood turpentine, turps, wood turpentine. 

Synonyms/Trade Names Gumspirits, Gum turpentine, Spirits of turpentine, Steam distilled turpentine, Sulfate wood turpentine, Turps, Wood turpentine ... 

Food. Steam-distilled turpentine oil is reportedly used as a flavor component in most... 

Dilute the sample (containing 2 5 g of camphor) to 50 ml with steam-distilled turpentine oil, add 50 ml of water, acidify with dilute sulphuric acid to methyl orange and steam-distil. Separate the oily layer of the distillate, wash the condenser and separator with 50 ml of ethanol and extract the aqueous layer with 30 ml of ether. Bulk the oil, ethanolic solution and ether, dilute to 250 ml with ethanol and use a 20 ml aliquot for the estimation given above. 

The normal boiling point of /V-ethylaniline is 204°C. Therefore, steam distillation makes possible the distillation of /V-ethylaniline at atmospheric pressure at a temperature of 99.15°C instead of its normal boiling point of 204°C. Commercial appHcations of steam distillation include the fractionation of cmde tall oil (qv) (84), the distilling of turpentine (see Terpenoids), and certain essential oils (see Oils, essential). A detailed calculation of steam distiUation of turpentine has been reported (85). 

Gum turpentine is obtained from wounding living trees to get an exudate containing turpentine and rosin. Turpentine is separated from the rosin by continuous steam distillation and further fractionation. Wood turpentine comes from the extraction of stumps of pine trees using naphtha, and subsequent separation of rosin and turpentine by fractional distillation. Tail-oil turpentine is a byproduct of the Kraft sulphate paper manufacture. Terpenes are isolated from the sulphate terpentine and separated from the black digestion liquor. The composition of turpentine oils depends on its source, although a-pinene and p-pinene are the major components. 

Turpentine is a mixture of CioHie volatile terpenes (hydrocarbons made of isoprene units). There are actually four different types and methods of making turpentine, including steam distillation of wood. The two pinenes, a and P, are major components of turpentine. Other compounds found in abundant amounts are camphene, dipentene, terpinolene, and A -carene. Although it has been replaced by petroleum hydrocarbons as paint thinners (lower price, less odor), turpentine is still a good solvent and thinner in many specialty applications. The use pattern for turpentine is as follows synthetic... 

Rosin, a brittle solid, mp 80 °C, is obtained from the gum of trees and tree stumps as a residue after steam distillation of the turpentine. It is made of 90% resin acids and 10% neutral matter. Resin acids are tricyclic monocarboxylic acids of formula C20H30O2. The common isomer is 1-abietic acid. About 38% of rosin is used as paper size (its sodium salt), in synthetic rubber as an emulsifier in polymerization (13%), in adhesives (12%), coatings (8%), and inks (8%). 

Pine-needle oil is produced primarily in Austria (Tyrol), and Eastern and Southeastern Europe by steam distillation of the needles of the Norwegian or Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L. or Pinus nigra Arnold. It is a colorless or yellowish liquid with an aromatic, turpentine-like odor. 

Balsam turpentine oil is obtained from the resins of living trees of suitable Pinus species by distillation at atmospheric pressure and temperatures up to 180°C, or by other fractionation methods, which do not change the terpene composition of the resins. Wood turpentine oils, on the other hand, are generally obtained by steam distillation of chopped tree trunks, dead wood, or of resin extracted from this wood. Sulfate turpentine oil is produced as waste in the manufacture of cellulose by the sulfate process and is also a wood turpentine. Pine oil is another wood turpentine oil that is obtained by dry distillation of suitable pine and fir trees, followed by fractionation. However, the term pine oil is nowadays used for a product which is manufactured by hydration of turpentine oil (a-pinene). The resulting product is a mixture of monoterpenes containing o-terpineol as the main component. In addition to many other technical purposes, it is used to a large extent in cheap perfumes for technical applications. 

Many terpenes are derived from renewable plant oil resources like essential oils. a-Pinene and -pinene from turpentine may be the best known examples, because they represent a very large volume. Turpentine was originally obtained from pine trees by tapping gum oleoresin from the stem of the living trees followed by steam distillation of the crude oleoresin and subsequently separation into rosin and turpentine by distillation. The ratio of a-pinene to -pinene in this turpentine varies considerably and depends a lot on the pine species from... 

The oleoresinous exudate or "pitch of many conifers, but mainly pines, is the raw material for the major products of the naval stores industry. The oleoresin is produced in the epithelial cells which surround the resin canals. When the tree is wounded the resin canals are cut. The pressure of the epithelial cells forces die oleoresin to the surface of die wound where it is collected. The oleoresin is separated into two fractions by steam distillation. The volatile fraction is called gum turpentine and contains chiefly a mixture of monoterpenes but a smaller amount of sesquiterpenes is present also. The nonvolatile gum rosin 5 consists mainly of llie dilerpenuid resin acids and smaller amounts of esters, alcohols and steroids. Wood turpentine, wood rosin and a fraction of intermediate volatility, pine oil are obtained together by gasoline extrachon of the chipped wood of old pine stumps. Pine oil is largely a mixture of the monoterpenoids terpineol. borneol and fenchyl alcohol. Sulfate turpentine and its nonvolatile counterpart, tall oil, 5 are isolated as by-products of the kraft pulping process. Tall oil consists of nearly equal amounts of saponified fatty acid esters and resin acids. 

The odor of a freshly crushed mint leaf, like many plant odors, is due to the presence in the plant of volatile C10 and Ci5 compounds, which are called terpenes. Isolation of these substances from the various parts of plants, even from the wood in some cases, by steam distillation or ether extraction gives what are known as essential oils. These are widely used in perfumery, as food flavorings and medicines, and as solvents. Among the typical essential oils are those obtained from cloves, roses, lavender, citronella, eucalyptus, peppermint, camphor, sandalwood, cedar, and turpentine. Such substances are of interest to us here because, as was pointed out by Wallach in 1887 and reemphasized by Ruzicka in 1935, the components of the essential oils can be regarded as derived from isoprene ... 

The diterpene acid, abietic acid, is a major constituent of rosin, which is obtained as a nonvolatile residue in the manufacture of turpentine by steam distillation of pine oleoresin or shredded pine stumps. Abietic acid is used extensively in varnishes and as its sodium salt in laundry soaps. 

To ascertain if a turpentine is artificial, the products of distillation up to 2500 or of steam distillation (see paragraph 3) are determined and then examined as described later for oil of turpentine the acid and saponification numbers are determined (for the limits, see below), and the following tests also made ... 

Volatile or essential oils are usually obtained from the appropriate plant material by steam distillation, though if certain components are unstable at these temperatures, other less harsh techniques such as expression or solvent extraction may be employed. These oils, which typically contain a complex mixture of low boiling components, are widely used in flavouring, perfumery, and aromatherapy. Only a small number of oils have useful therapeutic properties, e.g. clove and dill, though a wide range of oils is now exploited for aromatherapy. Most of those employed in medicines are simply added for flavouring purposes. Some of the materials are commercially important as sources of chemicals used industrially, e.g. turpentine. 

Turpentine is produced from various species of pines and balsamiferous woods, and several different methods are applied to obtain the oils leading to different types of turpentine, such as (1) dry-distilled wood turpentine from dry distillation of chopped woods and roots of pine trees, (2) steam-distilled wood turpentine that is steam-distilled from pine wood or from solvent extracts of the wood, and (3) sulfate turpentine, which is a by-product of the production of cellulose sulfate. 

Rosin, a brittle solid, melting point 80°C, is obtained from the gum of trees and tree stumps as a residue after steam distillation of the turpentine (Fig. 1). It is made up of 90% resin acids and 10% neutral matter. Resin... 

The essential oil extracted from the berries by steam distillation is considered to be superior to that from the twigs and leaves. The wood oil is often adulterated with turpentine oil and it is advisable to avoid it for aromatherapy. 

The name terpene was applied originally to the steam-distillable oils obtained from turpentine (an extract of pine). It was recognized that ... 

Turpentine and Rosin The major naval stores products are turpentine, primarily composed of volatile terpenes, and rosin, mainly a mixture of resin acids. Principally the same products, but in different proportions, can be recovered by tapping resin-rich trees or by steam distillation or solvent extraction of wood residues and especially stumps. Today, however, the most important source for turpentine and rosin is the tall oil recovered after pulping of pine wood (see Section 10.3.1). 

Pine Needle Oil, Scotch Type, occurs as a colorless or yellow liquid with an aromatic, turpentine odor. It is the volatile oil obtained by steam distillation from the needles of Pinus sylvestris L. (Fam. Pinaceae). It is soluble in most fixed oils soluble, with faint opalescence, in mineral oil and slightly soluble in propylene glycol. It is practically insoluble in glycerin. 

Strictly speaking the terpenes are hydrocarbons which are present in, or are obtained by steam distillation from, certain natural products, such as camphor and oil of turpentine certain of the so-called essential or ethereal oils, mostly from conifer or citrus plants, e.g., oil of lemon various plant resins, and India rubber or caoutchouc. They are the mother substances of the individual constituents of the products just mentioned. In general usage the name terpenes includes not only the hydrocarbons but the various derivatives referred to above. 

Derivation Steam distillation of camphor-tree wood and crystallization. This product is called natural camphor and is dextrorotatory. Synthetic camphor, most of which is optically inactive, may be made from pinene, which is converted into camphene by treatment with acetic acid and nitrobenzene it becomes camphor, turpentine oil is also used. 

Derivation From the wood of Pinus palustris by extraction and fractionation or by steam distillation also from turpentine. 

Derivation Steam-distillation of the turpentine gum exuded from living pine trees (gum turpentine), naphtha-extraction of pine stumps (wood turpentine), destructive distillation of pine wood. 

There are two marketed ingredients which are not available as kosher natural cognac oil and wine fusel oil. All fruits and vegetables (except from Israel) are kosher, all steam distilled essential oils, spices, inorganic compounds, most FD C colors, petrochemicals, and all turpentine derivatives are kosher Ingredients that are, or can be derived from, grape are very sensitive for kosher. This impacts juices, vinegars, and some alcohols. 

CAMPHOR The drug from the essential oil, obtained by steam distillation of the wood from Cinnamomum camphora (L.), J.Presl, belonging to the family Lauraceae, a high tree that is cultivated mainly in Taiwan. The production of natural camphor (optically active) has been replaced by synthetic camphor (racemate), which is synthesized from a-pinene (from turpentine oil). 

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