Balsam turpentine oil

Balsam turpentine oil is obtained from the resins of living trees of suitable Pinus species by distillation at atmospheric pressure and temperatures up to 180°C, or by other fractionation methods, which do not change the terpene composition of the resins. Wood turpentine oils, on the other hand, are generally obtained by steam distillation of chopped tree trunks, dead wood, or of resin extracted from this wood. Sulfate turpentine oil is produced as waste in the manufacture of cellulose by the sulfate process and is also a wood turpentine. Pine oil is another wood turpentine oil that is obtained by dry distillation of suitable pine and fir trees, followed by fractionation. However, the term pine oil is nowadays used for a product which is manufactured by hydration of turpentine oil (a-pinene). The resulting product is a mixture of monoterpenes containing o-terpineol as the main component. In addition to many other technical purposes, it is used to a large extent in cheap perfumes for technical applications. 

Root turpentine oil is obtained by steam distillation of wood chips and shavings with a high resin content. Its properties are similar to those of sulfite cellulose oil of turpentine, which occurs in wood pulp production. Root turpentine oil is a colorless liquid with similar properties to balsams turpentine oil,... 

Turpentine Oil. The world s largest-volume essential oil, turpentine [8006-64-2] is produced ia many parts of the world. Various species of piaes and balsamiferous woods are used, and several different methods are appHed to obtain the oils. Types of turpentines include dry-distiUed wood turpentine from dry distillation of the chopped woods and roots of pines steam-distilled wood turpentine which is steam-distilled from pine wood or from solvent extracts of the wood and sulfate turpentine, which is a by-product of the production of sulfate ceUulose. From a perfumery standpoint, steam-distilled wood turpentine is the only important turpentine oil. It is rectified to yield pine oil, yellow or white as well as wood spirits of turpentine. Steam-distilled turpentine oil is a water-white mobile Hquid with a refreshing warm-balsamic odor. American turpentine oil contains 25—35% P-pinene (22) and about 50% a-pinene (44). European and East Indian turpentines are rich in a-pinene (44) withHtfle P-pinene (22), and thus are exceUent raw materials... 

Balsam and wood turpentine oils are colorless liquids with a mild, characteristic odor. Oils obtained by dry distillation often also have a phenolic note. The specifications of turpentine oils are listed in Table 7 [804]. 

Bergamot oil is adulterated in various ways, e.g., with oil of turpentine, oil or terpenes of lemon, orange terpenes, fatty oils, waxes, resin, gurjun and Canada balsam, cedarwood oil, mineral oils, chlorinated compounds of oil of turpentine, organic acids, various esters (diethyl succinate, triethyl citrate, diethyl oxalate, terpinyl acetate, esters of oleic, phthalic, tartaric and acetic acids). Such adulteration is usually made judiciously, the genuine oil being treated with such quantities of one or more picked adulterants as will not alter too markedly the characters of the oil itself.1... 

If too much Canada balsam has been used, some of it usually spreads beyond the edge of the cover-glass, or on its surface. In this event wait until the balsam hardens, when it can be scratched off with a knife, and the surface of the glass cleaned with a rag moistened with turpentine oil or xylol. 

Properties Sticky, viscous, balsamic liquid comprising a mixture of rosin and turpentine oil strong, piney odor. Soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and glacial acetic acid. Combustible. 

The components in natural paint are based on plant oils and extracts such as linseed oil, citrus oils, balsamic turpentine, and simple minerals. They involve less intensive processing, which uses less energy and produces less waste. 

Turpentine oil [8006-64-2] (DIN 53248). Only pure ethereal oil obtained from the distillation of the resinous secretion of living pine trees, and from which no valuable constituents (e.g., pinene) have been extracted, may be used as balsam terpentine oil (RAL, Sheet 848C). All turpentine oils obtained in any other way must be specially labelled with details of their source. Oils of turpentine from different countries differ in composition. American and Greek oils contain predominantly D-pinene, whereas French, Spanish, and Portuguese oils contain L-pinene. 

CAS 8006-64-2 (steam distilled) 8052-14-0 9005-90-7 977022-00-6 (rectified) EINECS/ELINCS 232-350-7 232-688-5 UN 1299 (DQT) 1300 (DQT) FEMA 3088 Synonyms Gum turpentine Pine balsam Pine gum Purified gum spirits Spirits of turpentine Spirit of turpentine Terebenthine Turpentine gum Turpentine oil Turpentine oil, rectified Turpentine oil, rectifier Turpentine, purified Turpentine, rectified Turpentine steam distilled Wood turpentine... 

Balsams, oleoresins solutions of resins in volatile oils. B. are produced either as normal plant constituents, or in response to pathological conditions or injury. Commercially, the most important B. is turpentine, produced (1-2 kg/tree/year) by conifers in re-ponse to bark injury. Steam distillation of the crude B. yields turpentine oils the residue is colophoy (rosin). Other B., usually named after the country of origin (e.g. Peru B., Canada B.), are used in perfumes and pharmaceuticals. 

The term turpentine is rather loosely used to describe either the oleoresin obtained from the longleaf pine Pinus palustris), slash pine P. elliottii), and other Pinus species that yield exclusively terpene oils, or the essential oil obtained from the above oleoresin. The oleoresin is commonly called gum turpentine or turpentine balsam while the essential oil is called turpentine oil both the oleoresin and the essential oil are also called simply turpentine. To avoid confusion, gum turpentine (though not a true gum see glossary) is here reserved only for the oleoresin, while turpentine or turpentine oil (spirits of turpentine) is used for the essential oil. Thus, gum turpentine on steam distillation yields turpentine (turpentine oil) and rosin (a terpenic resin), also known as colophony. 

Tlio purity of essential oils is all-important, as they are used solely for their perfume. Those found in commerce do not always have that quality, but are frequently debased with alcohol, spirit of turpentine, resin, balsam copniva, or Borne oil of inferior price. The detection of the latter fraud is very difficult—in most cases the specific gravity being the only test. The presence of resin or balsam is elicited when a drop of the suspocted oil, heated upon a piece of paper, leaves a greasy spot. 

Those wliich yield a volatile oil on being distilled with water, aud leave an add resin, or rather several resins possessed of add properties, in tlio retort. To this class belong the several turpentine resins, balsam of copaiba, et cetera,... 

For instance, addition of oil of turpentine or lemon or orange terpenes—which lower the sp. gr. and the ester content—together with fatty oils, resin, balsams and synthetic esters—which have the opposite effect. 

The usual adulteration is with oil of turpentine, sometimes in conjunction with a little orange oil or with lemon or orange terpenes paraffin oil, fatty oils and balsams are rarely used. These adulterants are detected and the value of the oil determined by the following tests ... 

Besides these genuine, natural turpentines, artificial products (Turpentine substitutes, Artificial turpentines) are also sold, these having as their basis, colophony, resin oils, fatty oils, oil of turpentine, pine oil, or resin spirit. Such products have the external appearance of ordinary or larch turpentine, but their odour never possesses the peculiar balsam-like quality characteristic of the latter. 

There are a few minor wood-based chemical industries. After chestnut blight wiped out the American chestnut, U.S. tannin production essentially ceased. The main natural tannins, watde and quebracho, are now imported. High U.S. labor costs and the advent of synthetic tannins make re-establishment of a U.S. tannin industry unlikely. Tannins are used in oil-weU drilling muds. Tree exudates are a continuing wood-based chemical industry. Tree exudates include mbber, tme carbohydrate gums (eg, acacia gum), kinos (eg, the phenolic exudates from eucalyptus), balsams (eg, Storax from l iquidambar spp.), and many different types of oleoresins (mixtures of a soHd resin and a liquid essential oil). The most important oleoresin stiU collected in the United States is pine gum (rosin plus turpentine). 

Many people who are allergic to tea tree oil also react to turpentine, colophony, fragrances, balsam of Peru, and plant extracts of Compositae (8). 

Balsam of Txxrpentuie. Melt by a gentle heat block resin, 1 pound remove the vessel from tlie fire and ad[Pg.305]

Canada Balsam. This balsam is the product 4>f the Canadian balsam fir, a tree of very common 0)wth in Canada and the State of Maine. When fresh, it has the consistence of thin honey, an agreeable odor, an acid taste, and a pale yellow color, nearly white. It should be perfectly transparent, and. soluble in rectified oil of turpentine, with which it fonns a beautiful glassy and colorless varnish, which is much used for preparing a semi-transparent copying-paper. A factitious kind is sold, but Is wholly deficient of some of the properties of the genuine balsam. 

Beduced Balsam of Coimiba, Balsam of copaiba, 4 pounds castor oil, 3 pounds mix. Or Balsam of copaiba. 7 pounds castor oil, 4 pound.s yellow resin, 2 pounds. Or Equal parts of balsam of copaiba and balsam of Canada mixed together. Or To tho last add 2 pounds of Venice turpentine. Or Balsams of Canlula am I copai bo, and nut or castor oil, cyellow resin, 2 pounds balsam of Canada, 1 pound. Tho above arc tho forms for tho reduction of copaiba balsam, that have from time to time been circulated in tho dnig trade. For the mode of distinguishing such compounds from tho pure balsam, see next receipt. 

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