Wood turpentine

Turpentine Oil. The world s largest-volume essential oil, turpentine [8006-64-2] is produced ia many parts of the world. Various species of piaes and balsamiferous woods are used, and several different methods are appHed to obtain the oils. Types of turpentines include dry-distiUed wood turpentine from dry distillation of the chopped woods and roots of pines steam-distilled wood turpentine which is steam-distilled from pine wood or from solvent extracts of the wood and sulfate turpentine, which is a by-product of the production of sulfate ceUulose. From a perfumery standpoint, steam-distilled wood turpentine is the only important turpentine oil. It is rectified to yield pine oil, yellow or white as well as wood spirits of turpentine. Steam-distilled turpentine oil is a water-white mobile Hquid with a refreshing warm-balsamic odor. American turpentine oil contains 25—35% P-pinene (22) and about 50% a-pinene (44). European and East Indian turpentines are rich in a-pinene (44) withHtfle P-pinene (22), and thus are exceUent raw materials... 

Gum turpentine is obtained from wounding living trees to get an exudate containing turpentine and rosin. Turpentine is separated from the rosin by continuous steam distillation and further fractionation. Wood turpentine comes from the extraction of stumps of pine trees using naphtha, and subsequent separation of rosin and turpentine by fractional distillation. Tail-oil turpentine is a byproduct of the Kraft sulphate paper manufacture. Terpenes are isolated from the sulphate terpentine and separated from the black digestion liquor. The composition of turpentine oils depends on its source, although a-pinene and p-pinene are the major components. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms D.D. turpentine. Gum turpentine. Spirits of turpentine. Sulfate turpentine. Turps, Wood turpentine Chemical Formula CioHi ... 

Wood turpentine can, however, ho so rectifual as (o distil at temperatures much closer lo tho-ie of Dorinal turpcnlioe than is shown in the lahle on p. 16, so that whilst poairive results tudicate the preseuce of wood turpentine, negative reaults do not necessarilv evoludc its presence. 

Synonyms Spirit of turpentine oil of turpentine wood turpentine... 

Watermelon ketone 151 Whiskey lactone 154 Wine lees oil 203 Wood turpentine oils 222 Woodyflor 70... 

Balsam turpentine oil is obtained from the resins of living trees of suitable Pinus species by distillation at atmospheric pressure and temperatures up to 180°C, or by other fractionation methods, which do not change the terpene composition of the resins. Wood turpentine oils, on the other hand, are generally obtained by steam distillation of chopped tree trunks, dead wood, or of resin extracted from this wood. Sulfate turpentine oil is produced as waste in the manufacture of cellulose by the sulfate process and is also a wood turpentine. Pine oil is another wood turpentine oil that is obtained by dry distillation of suitable pine and fir trees, followed by fractionation. However, the term pine oil is nowadays used for a product which is manufactured by hydration of turpentine oil (a-pinene). The resulting product is a mixture of monoterpenes containing o-terpineol as the main component. In addition to many other technical purposes, it is used to a large extent in cheap perfumes for technical applications. 

Balsam and wood turpentine oils are colorless liquids with a mild, characteristic odor. Oils obtained by dry distillation often also have a phenolic note. The specifications of turpentine oils are listed in Table 7 [804]. 

Water Displacing Oil Water Glass Waxes Camauba Waxes Paraffin Weisspiessglanz White Arsenic White Oil White Vitriol Witcizer 300 Witcizer 312 Wood Alcohol Wood Charcoal Wood Ether Wood Naphtha Wood Spirit Wood Turpentine Meta-Xylene P-Xylene O-Xylene M-Xylene... 

TURPENTINE Spirits- of turpentine, Turps, Gum turpentine, Wood turpentine Flammable Liquid, III 1 3 0... 

The oleoresinous exudate or "pitch of many conifers, but mainly pines, is the raw material for the major products of the naval stores industry. The oleoresin is produced in the epithelial cells which surround the resin canals. When the tree is wounded the resin canals are cut. The pressure of the epithelial cells forces die oleoresin to the surface of die wound where it is collected. The oleoresin is separated into two fractions by steam distillation. The volatile fraction is called gum turpentine and contains chiefly a mixture of monoterpenes but a smaller amount of sesquiterpenes is present also. The nonvolatile gum rosin 5 consists mainly of llie dilerpenuid resin acids and smaller amounts of esters, alcohols and steroids. Wood turpentine, wood rosin and a fraction of intermediate volatility, pine oil are obtained together by gasoline extrachon of the chipped wood of old pine stumps. Pine oil is largely a mixture of the monoterpenoids terpineol. borneol and fenchyl alcohol. Sulfate turpentine and its nonvolatile counterpart, tall oil, 5 are isolated as by-products of the kraft pulping process. Tall oil consists of nearly equal amounts of saponified fatty acid esters and resin acids. 

Turpentine is produced from various species of pines and balsamiferous woods, and several different methods are applied to obtain the oils leading to different types of turpentine, such as (1) dry-distilled wood turpentine from dry distillation of chopped woods and roots of pine trees, (2) steam-distilled wood turpentine that is steam-distilled from pine wood or from solvent extracts of the wood, and (3) sulfate turpentine, which is a by-product of the production of cellulose sulfate. 

Turpentine (Gum Turpentine, Spirit of Turpentine, Gum Spirit, Wood Turpentine)... 

Some useful oils, like turpentine, are produced as the by-products of other manufacturing or processing. Oil of turpentine is produced as a by-product of paper-making (sulfur turpentine), from treatment of otherwise unusable wood, like stumps and slash left from logging (wood turpentine), or from the distillation of tree resin (gum turpentine). Most, but not all, turpentine is made from pine tree materials. 

Gum and sulfate turpentines have similar compositions. Gum turpentine contains 60-65 percent a-pinene, 25-35 percent /3-pinene, and 5-8 percent other terpenes, compared with 60-70 percent a-pinene, 20-25 percent /3-pinene, and 6-12 percent other terpenes for sulfate turpentine. Wood turpentine, which has 75-80 percent a-pinene, has no or very little /3-pinene (0-2%), and also contains 4-8 percent camphene and 15-20 percent other terpenes. 

Dipentene. Dipentene is present in the higher-boiling fractions of wood turpentine. It is used in paints and varnishes and as a penetrating and softening agent in rubber reclamation. 

Synonyms Gum spirits Turps Gum thus D.D. turpentine Wood turpentine Oil of turpentine Rectified turpentine oil Spirits of turpentine Sulfate wood turpentine Sulfate turpentine Gum turpentine Steam-distilled turpentine Turpentine oil G 4134... 

Haneke KE and Masten S (2002) Turpentine (Turpentine Oil, Wood Turpentine, Sulfate Turpentine, Sulfite Turpentine) (8006-64-2) Review of Toxicological Literature. Research Triangle Park, NC National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. 

Derivation (1) From various essential oils (2) by close fractionation of wood turpentine (3) by-product in making synthetic camphor. 

P-pinene. (nopinene). C10H16. A terpene hydrocarbon derived from sulfate wood turpentine. 

Derivation Steam-distillation of the turpentine gum exuded from living pine trees (gum turpentine), naphtha-extraction of pine stumps (wood turpentine), destructive distillation of pine wood. 

Isomerization of wood turpentine and a-pinene to camphene followed by chlorination is another major chemical reaction of turpentine, for the preparation of an insecticide against boll weevils in cotton, but restrictions in the use of chlorinated insecticides has greatly reduced this use. 

WOOD TURPENTINE (8006-64-2) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 95°F/35°C). Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, halogens, chlorine, fluorine, iodine, calcium hypochloride, chromyl chloride, dichlorine oxide, ethylene, nitric acid, tin(IV) chloride. Incompatible with strong acids, chromic anhydride, chromyl chloride, diatomaceous earth, hexachloromelamine, stannic chloride. Attacks ordinary rubber. 

Caswell No. 900 EINECS 232-350-7 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 084501 FEMA No. 3089 Gum spirits of turpentine Gum turpentine HSDB 204 Oil of turpentine, rectified Oil of turpentine Oil of turpentine, distillation residue Purified gum spirits Purified turpentine Rectified turpentine Spirit of turpentine Spirits of turpentine Sulfate turpentine Terebenthine Terpentin oel Terpentine Turpentine Turpentine oil, rectified Turpentine spirits Turpentine, steam-distiiled (Pinus spp.) Turpentine steam distilled Turpentine substitute [Flammable liquid] Turpentine [Flammable liquid) UN1299 UN1300 Wood turpentine. FDA approved for inhalants, BP compliance. Used as a solvent, rubifacient, diuretic, used in inhalants, liniments and in preparations for respiratory tract disorders. Colorless liquid insoluble in H2O d = 0.860 - 0.875. TLV = 100 ppm in air. Spectrum Chem. Manufacturing. 

SYNONYMS gumspirits, gum turpentine, spirits of turpentine, steam distilled turpentine, sulfate wood turpentine, turps, wood turpentine. 

Production By distillation of crude wood turpentine oil. The major portion of the commercially marketed P. o. today is prepared synthetically by hydrogenation of turpentine oil (a- pinenes). 

CAS 8006-64-2 (steam distilled) 8052-14-0 9005-90-7 977022-00-6 (rectified) EINECS/ELINCS 232-350-7 232-688-5 UN 1299 (DQT) 1300 (DQT) FEMA 3088 Synonyms Gum turpentine Pine balsam Pine gum Purified gum spirits Spirits of turpentine Spirit of turpentine Terebenthine Turpentine gum Turpentine oil Turpentine oil, rectified Turpentine oil, rectifier Turpentine, purified Turpentine, rectified Turpentine steam distilled Wood turpentine... 

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