Tree stumps

Natural resins were probably known to early people, who recognized them as exudates from trees. Collection and use of these resins have been recorded by early Roman and Greek historians. Many products have been collected by the same methods throughout history to the present time. However, increased labor costs and competition from synthetic resins have reduced the demand for some natural resins, so they have become less available. In other cases, such as that of rosin, the traditional collection of gum from trees has been supplemented or replaced by isolation from other sources, such as paper pulping and tree stumps. 

Rosin and tall oil-based tackifiers are derived from feedstock, which is typically obtained by extraction and distillation of the materials from shredded tree stumps or wood chips. A typical structure of one of the different products obtained through this process is this abietic acid structure shown in Fig. 14 as a representative of the rosin acid family. 

Responding to a comment about die weight of the tree-stump stools in die lounge, Mr. Hunter explained that they were cut down and polished from a butternut tree in Mr. Wilson s father s backyard in Massachusetts. I pushed on mine heavily to face die bar and give my neighbors more privacy. 

Potassium nitrate is also found in pills for backache and joint pain. It makes a decent plant fertilizer, providing nitrogen and potassium but no phosphorus. As an oxidizer, it is an ingredient in stump removers that hastens the decay of tree stumps. And it is used as a preservative in some salted meats like nitrites, it helps to preserve the color of the meat. 

There are many miscellaneous applications of explosives which may be mentioned but which do not merit individual description. Such uses are those in agriculture, in the preparation of ditches, the diversion of streams, removal of tree stumps, and the breaking up of subsoil. Demolition of old buildings and chimneys is readily carried out. Underwater wrecks may also be broken up for disposal by special application of explosive charges. 

As with any frag grenade, the user must protect himself from flying fragments. A prone position in a ditch, or shelter behind a tree, stump, or boulder will be sufficient protection. 

We hope that tree ring sequences will be prepared from trees of the southern hemisphere from which one could learn whether climate changes have been simultaneous in both hemispheres. There are large tree stumps in New Zealand, and perhaps similar material could be found in Australia and other southern lands, and there may be varve sequences as well in the southern hemisphere. 

Rosin, a brittle solid, mp 80 °C, is obtained from the gum of trees and tree stumps as a residue after steam distillation of the turpentine. It is made of 90% resin acids and 10% neutral matter. Resin acids are tricyclic monocarboxylic acids of formula C20H30O2. The common isomer is 1-abietic acid. About 38% of rosin is used as paper size (its sodium salt), in synthetic rubber as an emulsifier in polymerization (13%), in adhesives (12%), coatings (8%), and inks (8%). 

Such attack can always be detected afterwards by a mottled or pitted appearance of the cell walls. Also, I do not think that Myxomycetes, the slime molds, were important primary agents in the biochemical stages of coal formation because their preferred habitat is, for example, rotting tree stumps rather than a peaty mass. 

Stump Powder. Earlier American tree stump blasting expl which consisted of a kind of crude gunpowder to which NG and woodmeal (as absorbent for the NG) had been added. A typical formulation consisted of NG 20, Na nitrate 50, S 5, powdered coal 20 and woodmeal 5%... 

Rosin, a brittle solid, melting point 80°C, is obtained from the gum of trees and tree stumps as a residue after steam distillation of the turpentine (Fig. 1). It is made up of 90% resin acids and 10% neutral matter. Resin... 

Think of a still pond. Drop in a pebble and the waves flow smoothly away from the point of disturbance, spreading over the pond, as do conducting electron waves in a pure metal. Now, add a few tree stumps to the pond and drop another pebble. As before, the wave starts to flow smoothly away from the point of disturbance. But when it strikes a stump, it is scattered in many directions. The scattered flow of water caused by the addition of stumps to a pond is analogous to the scattering of electron waves when an alloying agent is added to a pure metal. 

Oh my God. People leap out of windows and pregnant women have babies that look like tree stumps. ... 

In contemporary Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga, producers process dried kava by pounding this in makeshift mortars (hollow tree stumps or metal pipes) using a variety of wooden or metal pestles. Instead of filtering kava grounds from the bowl after infusion — the traditional technique — kava makers today may first wrap powdered kava in scraps of cloth and then squeeze this bundle in water to leach out kavalactones without getting grounds into the drink. 

In the river you can see the quiruma-supay [tree stump spirit], who always comes out late at night in silent places. Witch doctors always kidnap people with the help of these aquatic genies they take victims to the bottom of the river where the black yakurunas live and from where it is difficult to be rescued. 

In the final plate of the Splendor Solis, the sun shines above a muted landscape, with blackened tree stumps and delicate foliage in the foreground. A stream meanders toward a large walled city, with many spired buildings. In the near-ground, to the left, a humble house is nestled among trees. 

William Butler Yeats (although admittedly in a different context), zeroing in on the destiny of virtually all organic materials (whether they be rubber tires, tree stumps, or human bodies) as they move through time. 

Fig 3.9. Part of a decaying tree stump showing polyphenolic demarcation lines between adjacent mycelia (top). Decorative bowl made from beech wood with dark zone lines... 

Fig. 11.16 A silicifled tree stump in the growth position was found in the upper Fremouw Formation (Middle Triassic) at the head of the Gordon Valley at 84°11 S, 164°54 E in the Queen Alexandra Range. The height of the stump is about 1 m. This photograph was first published in 1991 on the cover of the Antarctic Journal of the United States (Vol. 16, No. 5) and in the report by Taylor et al. (1991) (Photo by R. Cuneo and T.N. Taylor reproduced with permission. This image was published in Paleobotany by Thomas N. Taylor, Edith L. Taylor, and Michael Krings, second edition. Figure 1.54, p. 29. Copyright Elsevier, 2009)...

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