Trade names

If the performance requirements for a design provide wide enough limits, materials from different companies can be used in the product. This is so because the manufacturing methods of different companies for producing the same basic polymers, as well as preparing the same basic polymer alloys, blends, and compounds, can produce different performance in properties and processing. The different companies involved can thus produce materials with varying property limits. 

However, a plastic with specific performance characteristics and limits may be available only from a single company, as is the case with such other materials as steel, aluminum, zinc, ceramic, and glass. Thus, trade names for specific plastics become important. Note 

Abril Paradigm fatty amide waxes Abril 

Actirox modified zinc phosphate Colores Hispania 

Akrochem iron, oxide, red, black, yellow Akrochem 

Albidur silicone toughness improver Hanse Chemie 

Albiflex epoxy/silicone additives Hanse Chemie 

Handbook ( Plastics Testing and Failure Analysis, Third Edition, by Vishu Shah Copyright 2007 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

Delrin Acetal, acetal/elastomer alloy DuPont 

---

Aerosol is also a trade name for certain wetting agents, most of which are esters of sodium sulphosuccinic acid. 

Calor gas, Calor propane The trade name for a liquified petroleum gas (LPG) sold in cylinders for domestic and industrial healing. Calor gas is the name used for commercial butane while commercial propane is sold as Calor propane. 

Cellosolve A trade name for ethylene glycol monoethyl ether. Also known as Oxitol. 

Florisil Trade name of a magnesium silicate used for chromatography, especially of fluorine-containing compounds. 

Karathane A trade name for 2,4-dinitro-6-( 1 -methylheptyl)phenyl crotonate, CJ8H24N2O6, a compound which has both acaricidal and fungicidal activity. It is a red-brown oil of high boiling point, insoluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. Karathane is used for the control of powdery mildew, and is nontoxic to mammals. 

Kel-F Trade name for a polymeric chlorotri-fluoroethene, often copolymerized. May be a liquid or solid. Inert to chemical attack and a thermoplastic (Teflon cannot be moulded). 

Krilium The trade name of a soil conditioner. The solid form of Krilium has as active in-gredienl a copolymer of about equal molar proportions of vinyl ethanoate and the partial methyl ester of maleic acid. It may be formulated with lime, bentonite, etc. In aqueous form, Krilium contains a copolymer of about equal molar proportions of isobutene and ammonium maleamate. Other polymers are also used. 

Metasystox A trade name for demeton-methyl, C[Pg.257]

A contact insecticide with the trade name Sevin . White solid, m.p. 142 C. It is prepared by reaction of I-naphthol with methyl isocyanate or with phosgene and a base. 

Nujol A trade name for a heavy medicinal liquid paraffin. Extensively used as a mulling agent in spectroscopy. 

Parkerizing A trade name for a process for phosphate treatment of steel. See phosphate coatings. 

Perspex Trade name for cast polymethylmethacrylate sheet - an acrylic resin. 

Me0>2P(0)0CMe = CHC02Me. A trade name for a highly active systemic insecticide both CIS and trans isomers are active. 

Sephadex A trade name for an insoluble hydrophilic substance prepared by cross-linking dextran, and used in gel filtration. It can also be linked to acidic or basic groups for ion exchange or to alkanes for the chromatography of lipophilic compounds. 

Trilene A trade name for trichloroethylene when used as an anaesthetic. It is given by inhalation for short operative procedures. 

Triton B Trade name for benzyltrimethyl-ammonium hydroxide usually as a 40% solution in methanol. A strong base, soluble in many solvents used as a catalyst. See phase transfer chemistry. 

Vaseline A trade name for soft paraffin. Yellow and white semi-solid, partly translucent mixtures of hydrocarbons of the paraffin series ranging from CijHji to C2oH42- Obtained from the high-boiling fractions of petroleum... 

Trivial or trade namc.s can be stored and searched as character strings. Their use is the simplest and most intuitive way of storing chemical information. However, being not subject to strict rules, their formation does not reflect accurately the molecular composition. Hence, the structure of the searched compound cannot be derived from them. Thus, a name such as "Flexricin does not tell the user very much. Furthermore, many more than one trivial or trade name for a given compound usually exist. 

On the whole it is better to employ the activated decolourising charcoal prepared from wood. Excellent decolourising carbons are marketed under the trade names Norit (from birch wood), Darco and Nuchar. ... 

The most studied properties of 2-aminothiazoles and 2-imino-4-thiazolines are related to their antiinflammatory activity (Table VI-9). Two classes of compounds have even been given trade names Sudoxicam (418) and Niridazole. also named Ambilhar (419) (Scheme 238). 

The generic name of a drug is not directly de rived from systematic nomenclature Furthermore different pharmaceutical companies will call the same drug by their own trade name which is differ ent from its generic name Generic names are in vented on request (for a fee) by the U S Adopted Names Council a private organization founded by the American Medical Association the American Pharmaceutical Association and the U S Pharma copeial Convention... 

Dowex is the trade name of Dow resins X (followed by a numeral) is percent cross-linked. Mesh size (dry) are available in the range 50 to 100, 100 to 200, 200 to 400, and sometimes minus 400. 

Bio-Rex is the trade name for certain resins sold by Bio-Rad Laboratories. 

Amberlite and Duolite are trade names of Rohm Haas resins. 

Most of the polymers in Tables 1.1 and 1.2 are listed with more than one name. Also listed are some of the patented trade names by which these substances—or materials which are mostly of the indicated structure—are sold commercially. 

The ethylene glycol liberated by reaction (5.L) is removed by lowering the pressure or purging with an inert gas. Because the ethylene glycol produced by reaction (5.L) is removed, proper stoichiometry is assured by proceeding via the intermediate, bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate otherwise the excess glycol used initially would have a deleterious effect on the degree of polymerization. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) is more familiar by some of its trade names Mylar as a film and Dacron, Kodel, or Terylene as fibers it is also known by the acronym PET. 

We only need to recall the trade name of synthetic polyamides, nylon, to recognize the importance of these polymers and the reactions employed to prepare them. Remember from Sec. 1.5 the nylon system for naming these... 

Urea reacts with formaldehyde compounds such as monomethylolurea, NH2CONHCH2OH, dimethylolurea, HOCH2NHCONHCH2OH, and others, depending on the mol ratio of formaldehyde, to urea and upon the pH of the solution. Hydrogen peroxide and urea give a white crystalline powder, urea peroxide, CO(NH2 (2 -H2 02, known under the trade name of Hypersol, an oxidizing agent. 

Phenol—formaldehyde (PF) was the first of the synthetic adhesives developed. By combining phenol with formaldehyde, which has exceptional cross-linking abiHties with many chemicals and materials, and a small amount of sodium hydroxide, a resin was obtained. The first resins soHdified as they cooled, and it was discovered that if it was ground to a powder with a small amount of additional formaldehyde and the appHcation of more heat, the mixture would Hquify and then convert to a permanently hard material. Upon combination of the powdered resin mixture with a filler material such as wood flour, the result then being placed in a mold and pressed under heat and pressure, a hard, durable, black plastic material was found to result. For many years these resulting products were called BakeHte, the trade name of the inventor. BakeHte products are still produced today, but this use accounts for only a small portion of the PF resins used. 

The two-part epoxy adhesive, readily available in hardware stores or other consumer outlets, comes in two tubes. One tube contains the epoxy resin, the other contains an amine hardener. Common diamine room temperature epoxy curing agents are materials such as the polyamides, available under the trade name Versamid. These polyamides are the reaction products of dimer acids and aUphatic diamines such as diethylenetriamine [111-40-0] ... 

Emulsion Adhesives. The most widely used emulsion-based adhesive is that based upon poly(vinyl acetate)—poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers formed by free-radical polymerization in an emulsion system. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is typically formed by hydrolysis of the poly(vinyl acetate). The properties of the emulsion are derived from the polymer employed in the polymerization as weU as from the system used to emulsify the polymer in water. The emulsion is stabilized by a combination of a surfactant plus a coUoid protection system. The protective coUoids are similar to those used paint (qv) to stabilize latex. For poly(vinyl acetate), the protective coUoids are isolated from natural gums and ceUulosic resins (carboxymethylceUulose or hydroxyethjdceUulose). The hydroHzed polymer may also be used. The physical properties of the poly(vinyl acetate) polymer can be modified by changing the co-monomer used in the polymerization. Any material which is free-radically active and participates in an emulsion polymerization can be employed. Plasticizers (qv), tackifiers, viscosity modifiers, solvents (added to coalesce the emulsion particles), fillers, humectants, and other materials are often added to the adhesive to meet specifications for the intended appHcation. Because the presence of foam in the bond line could decrease performance of the adhesion joint, agents that control the amount of air entrapped in an adhesive bond must be added. Biocides are also necessary many of the materials that are used to stabilize poly(vinyl acetate) emulsions are natural products. Poly(vinyl acetate) adhesives known as "white glue" or "carpenter s glue" are available under a number of different trade names. AppHcations are found mosdy in the area of adhesion to paper and wood (see Vinyl polymers). 

Alcohol commercial name Representative trade name Derived from r 12 r 13 r C-14 C16 r 18 r 20... 

---