Scotch pine

Fig. 6. Interior stmcture of the ceU wad of Scotch pine, where S = secondary wall, P = primary wad, and ML = middle lamella. Chemical composition of ced wad lignin, 28.0 wt % cedulose, 40.3 wt % and hemicedulose, 28.7 wt %. Extractives, not shown, ate 3.0 wt %.

Fackel, /. torch, -baum, m. marsh elder, -fohre, /. Scotch pine (Pinua aylveatria). -glanz, m. (of wine) perfect clearness, -kohle, /. cannel coal, -palme, /. sago palm. 

Kiefer, /. pine. eap. Scotch pine Pinua ayl-veairia). 

Weiss-farber, m. bleacher, -faule, /. Bot.) white rot. -feuer, n. white fire, -fohre, /. Scotch pine Pinus sylvestris). 

Tobolski, J. J. and Hanover, J. W. 1971. Genetic variation in the monoterpenes of Scotch pine. 

Mountain hare Lepus timidus White pine Pirns strobus Scotch pine Pinus sylvestris Phenols... 

Moose Aloes aloes Scotch pine Pinifolic acid (diterpene). 

Pine-needle oil is produced primarily in Austria (Tyrol), and Eastern and Southeastern Europe by steam distillation of the needles of the Norwegian or Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L. or Pinus nigra Arnold. It is a colorless or yellowish liquid with an aromatic, turpentine-like odor. 

At Pennsylvania State University, breeding for resistance to ozone and S02 in scotch pine is underway. Resistance seems to be genetic. Selections for resistance were made initially in a fumigation nursery and will be tested further in stands planted near pollutant sources. Crosses are being made for genetic studies as well as for selection for resistance and for favorable ornamental traits of crown form, branching habit, and needle color (15). 

Essential o Is like Citrus limon (lemon) and Pinus sylvestris (Scotch pine), which aie f i in terpenes such as limonene and pinene, are particularly prone to oxidation. The air provides oxygen, and oxidation is the chemical reaction in which oxygen adds onto another substance, to form a new compound. Small amounts of essential oil should not be kept in large bottles with a large amount of air above the oil. As the oil is used up, its level goes down and the amount of air above it increases. If an oil is stored in a large bottle, the number of times it is opened will also probably be more than for a smaller one, and this also exposes it to the air each time. 

American pitchpine, Scotch pine, and larch are used predominantly. Birch cannot be used because of its tendency to split, but oak, which is costly but very resistant, is often used. Other woods, except for ash, are not considered because they are too expensive. 

SYNS KIEFERNADEL OEL (GERMAN) SCOTCH PINE NEEDLE OIL... 

Buck (1970) concluded from the Biersdorf experiment that Norway spruce, Scotch pine, English oak, and European beech show growth depression at a mean concentration of 0,08 mg SO2 m if 2,5% of the measured values exceeds 0,98 mg SO2 m whereas no effect was found at a mean of 0,07 mg SO2 m" and a 2,5 percentile of 0,59 mg SO2 m The importance of the ratio of mean to peak concentrations in risk studies has been discussed by Buck (1970) and Knabe (1971). 

Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), the main forest species on sandy soils or dry sites in Europe did not escape the present decay. The reduction of needle years and needle length and sparse foliage create the impression of thin crowns and sickness. Poor sandy soils in the plains were affected most which might be due to nutrient imbalances because of high input of ammonia from increased life stock. 

Abies sachalinensis Masters/Sakhalin fir Abies sibirica Ledeb./Siberian fir ImHx dahurica Turcz./Dahurian larch Larix sibirica Ledeb./Siberian larch Piceafennica Regel/Finnish Siberian spruce Picea jesoensis (S. et Z.) Carr./Jeddo spruce Picea obovata Led./Siberian spruce Picea schrenkiana Fish Meyer/Schrenk spruce Pinus koraiensis Sieb. Zuss/Korean pine Pinus sibirica Rupr./Siberian stone pine Pinus sylvestris L./Scotch pine Taxus baccata L./English yew... 

Chemical Composition of the Cell Wall of Scotch Pine... 

Figure 8. Representation of the microfibril orientation for each cell wall layer of Scotch pine with the chemical composition as a percent of total...

Jaeger [313] recorded wind speed measurements over a ten year period over stands of Scotch pine located in southern Germany as they grew from 3 to 8 m height. He made estimates of the variation in m, z0, d, /3 (Deacon parameter), and Richardson number, Ri, from wind and temperature data collected from meteorological towers placed within the forest stand. He found that the following correlations described the measurements ... 

Tveite and Abraham (42) also observed a stimulation in height and diameter of Scots pine saplings when pH levels 2, 2.5 and 3.0 of simulated acid rain were supplied. There were no effects on Norway spruce or lodgepole pine. The authors suggested that the growth of Scotch pine may be due to increased uptake of nitrogen from the soil. 

H Greaves, IF Levy. Comparative degradation of the sapwood of scotch pine, beech and birch by Lenzites trabea, Polystictus versicolor, Chaetomium globosum and Bacillus polymyxa. J Inst Wood Sci 15 55-63, 1965. 

Dahl, E., Selmer-Anderssen, C., and Saether, R. (1961). Soil factors and the growth of Scotch pine A statistical re-interpretation of data presented by Viro (1955). Soil Sci. 92, 367-371. 

Other preservatives, propiconazole and tebuconazole, were also screened using IMS, specifically an lONSCAN with direct solid phase desorption inlet to rapidly detect these substances in Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) The findings proved that... 

Pine needle oil, Scotch Pine needle oil, Scotch... 

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