Wood turpentine oils

Watermelon ketone 151 Whiskey lactone 154 Wine lees oil 203 Wood turpentine oils 222 Woodyflor 70... 

Balsam turpentine oil is obtained from the resins of living trees of suitable Pinus species by distillation at atmospheric pressure and temperatures up to 180°C, or by other fractionation methods, which do not change the terpene composition of the resins. Wood turpentine oils, on the other hand, are generally obtained by steam distillation of chopped tree trunks, dead wood, or of resin extracted from this wood. Sulfate turpentine oil is produced as waste in the manufacture of cellulose by the sulfate process and is also a wood turpentine. Pine oil is another wood turpentine oil that is obtained by dry distillation of suitable pine and fir trees, followed by fractionation. However, the term pine oil is nowadays used for a product which is manufactured by hydration of turpentine oil (a-pinene). The resulting product is a mixture of monoterpenes containing o-terpineol as the main component. In addition to many other technical purposes, it is used to a large extent in cheap perfumes for technical applications. 

Balsam and wood turpentine oils are colorless liquids with a mild, characteristic odor. Oils obtained by dry distillation often also have a phenolic note. The specifications of turpentine oils are listed in Table 7 [804]. 

Synonyms Gum spirits Turps Gum thus D.D. turpentine Wood turpentine Oil of turpentine Rectified turpentine oil Spirits of turpentine Sulfate wood turpentine Sulfate turpentine Gum turpentine Steam-distilled turpentine Turpentine oil G 4134... 

Production By distillation of crude wood turpentine oil. The major portion of the commercially marketed P. o. today is prepared synthetically by hydrogenation of turpentine oil (a- pinenes). 

Turpentine Oil. The world s largest-volume essential oil, turpentine [8006-64-2] is produced ia many parts of the world. Various species of piaes and balsamiferous woods are used, and several different methods are appHed to obtain the oils. Types of turpentines include dry-distiUed wood turpentine from dry distillation of the chopped woods and roots of pines steam-distilled wood turpentine which is steam-distilled from pine wood or from solvent extracts of the wood and sulfate turpentine, which is a by-product of the production of sulfate ceUulose. From a perfumery standpoint, steam-distilled wood turpentine is the only important turpentine oil. It is rectified to yield pine oil, yellow or white as well as wood spirits of turpentine. Steam-distilled turpentine oil is a water-white mobile Hquid with a refreshing warm-balsamic odor. American turpentine oil contains 25—35% P-pinene (22) and about 50% a-pinene (44). European and East Indian turpentines are rich in a-pinene (44) withHtfle P-pinene (22), and thus are exceUent raw materials... 

Gum turpentine is obtained from wounding living trees to get an exudate containing turpentine and rosin. Turpentine is separated from the rosin by continuous steam distillation and further fractionation. Wood turpentine comes from the extraction of stumps of pine trees using naphtha, and subsequent separation of rosin and turpentine by fractional distillation. Tail-oil turpentine is a byproduct of the Kraft sulphate paper manufacture. Terpenes are isolated from the sulphate terpentine and separated from the black digestion liquor. The composition of turpentine oils depends on its source, although a-pinene and p-pinene are the major components. 

Synonyms Spirit of turpentine oil of turpentine wood turpentine... 

Water Displacing Oil Water Glass Waxes Camauba Waxes Paraffin Weisspiessglanz White Arsenic White Oil White Vitriol Witcizer 300 Witcizer 312 Wood Alcohol Wood Charcoal Wood Ether Wood Naphtha Wood Spirit Wood Turpentine Meta-Xylene P-Xylene O-Xylene M-Xylene... 

The oleoresinous exudate or "pitch of many conifers, but mainly pines, is the raw material for the major products of the naval stores industry. The oleoresin is produced in the epithelial cells which surround the resin canals. When the tree is wounded the resin canals are cut. The pressure of the epithelial cells forces die oleoresin to the surface of die wound where it is collected. The oleoresin is separated into two fractions by steam distillation. The volatile fraction is called gum turpentine and contains chiefly a mixture of monoterpenes but a smaller amount of sesquiterpenes is present also. The nonvolatile gum rosin 5 consists mainly of llie dilerpenuid resin acids and smaller amounts of esters, alcohols and steroids. Wood turpentine, wood rosin and a fraction of intermediate volatility, pine oil are obtained together by gasoline extrachon of the chipped wood of old pine stumps. Pine oil is largely a mixture of the monoterpenoids terpineol. borneol and fenchyl alcohol. Sulfate turpentine and its nonvolatile counterpart, tall oil, 5 are isolated as by-products of the kraft pulping process. Tall oil consists of nearly equal amounts of saponified fatty acid esters and resin acids. 

Turpentine oils extracted from pine resins are now marginal sources of terpenes pinenes, carene and some other monoterpenes are essentially obtained from the paper oils produced in the KRAFT process. Nevertheless this process is based on a treatment of wood chips in sodium sulfide, which leaves significant fractions of sulfur compounds in the paper oils. For the use of terpenes, these sulfur compounds must be eliminated. The process requires ... 

According to Ref 2, camphor oil is a col, natural oil with characteristic odor, d 0.870 -1.040, nD 1.465-1.481 at 20° sol in eth, chlf insol in ale its chief constituents are pinene, camphor, cineol, phellandrene, dipentene, safrol eugenol. Derived by distg the wood of the Cinamonum camphora and separating the oil from solid camphor. Used as substitute for turpentine oil in varnishes, cheap soaps, shoe polishes, etc... 

Turpentine is produced from various species of pines and balsamiferous woods, and several different methods are applied to obtain the oils leading to different types of turpentine, such as (1) dry-distilled wood turpentine from dry distillation of chopped woods and roots of pine trees, (2) steam-distilled wood turpentine that is steam-distilled from pine wood or from solvent extracts of the wood, and (3) sulfate turpentine, which is a by-product of the production of cellulose sulfate. 

The essential oil extracted from the berries by steam distillation is considered to be superior to that from the twigs and leaves. The wood oil is often adulterated with turpentine oil and it is advisable to avoid it for aromatherapy. 

Some useful oils, like turpentine, are produced as the by-products of other manufacturing or processing. Oil of turpentine is produced as a by-product of paper-making (sulfur turpentine), from treatment of otherwise unusable wood, like stumps and slash left from logging (wood turpentine), or from the distillation of tree resin (gum turpentine). Most, but not all, turpentine is made from pine tree materials. 

There are three kinds at present. One is called gum rosin, which is obtained as the residue of the distillation of turpentine oil from pine resin, which is collected from pine woods. The second is called "wood rosin", which is obtained by extraction from chips of old pine stamps using a solvent. The third is the "tall oil rosin", which is obtained from the digester waste in the manufacture of kraft pulp. Rosin is produced in large amounts in America, Russia and China. At present wood rosin is mostly produced, and the tall oil rosin will gradually increase, but the production of gum rosin is decreasing. The most popular use of rosin is as size in paper production. 

Haneke KE and Masten S (2002) Turpentine (Turpentine Oil, Wood Turpentine, Sulfate Turpentine, Sulfite Turpentine) (8006-64-2) Review of Toxicological Literature. Research Triangle Park, NC National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. 

Derivation Steam distillation of camphor-tree wood and crystallization. This product is called natural camphor and is dextrorotatory. Synthetic camphor, most of which is optically inactive, may be made from pinene, which is converted into camphene by treatment with acetic acid and nitrobenzene it becomes camphor, turpentine oil is also used. 

Derivation (1) From various essential oils (2) by close fractionation of wood turpentine (3) by-product in making synthetic camphor. 

Derivation From pine trees, chiefly Pinus palustris and Pinus caribaea. (1) Gum rosin is the residue obtained after the distillation of turpentine oil from the oleoresin tapped from living trees. (2) Wood rosin is obtained by extracting pine stumps with naphtha and distilling off the volatile fraction. (3) Tail-oil rosin is a by-product of the fractionation of tall oil. 

CAMPHOR The drug from the essential oil, obtained by steam distillation of the wood from Cinnamomum camphora (L.), J.Presl, belonging to the family Lauraceae, a high tree that is cultivated mainly in Taiwan. The production of natural camphor (optically active) has been replaced by synthetic camphor (racemate), which is synthesized from a-pinene (from turpentine oil). 

Caswell No. 900 EINECS 232-350-7 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 084501 FEMA No. 3089 Gum spirits of turpentine Gum turpentine HSDB 204 Oil of turpentine, rectified Oil of turpentine Oil of turpentine, distillation residue Purified gum spirits Purified turpentine Rectified turpentine Spirit of turpentine Spirits of turpentine Sulfate turpentine Terebenthine Terpentin oel Terpentine Turpentine Turpentine oil, rectified Turpentine spirits Turpentine, steam-distiiled (Pinus spp.) Turpentine steam distilled Turpentine substitute [Flammable liquid] Turpentine [Flammable liquid) UN1299 UN1300 Wood turpentine. FDA approved for inhalants, BP compliance. Used as a solvent, rubifacient, diuretic, used in inhalants, liniments and in preparations for respiratory tract disorders. Colorless liquid insoluble in H2O d = 0.860 - 0.875. TLV = 100 ppm in air. Spectrum Chem. Manufacturing. 

Root turpentine oil is obtained by steam distillation of wood chips and shavings with a high resin content. Its properties are similar to those of sulfite cellulose oil of turpentine, which occurs in wood pulp production. Root turpentine oil is a colorless liquid with similar properties to balsams turpentine oil,... 

CAS 8006-64-2 (steam distilled) 8052-14-0 9005-90-7 977022-00-6 (rectified) EINECS/ELINCS 232-350-7 232-688-5 UN 1299 (DQT) 1300 (DQT) FEMA 3088 Synonyms Gum turpentine Pine balsam Pine gum Purified gum spirits Spirits of turpentine Spirit of turpentine Terebenthine Turpentine gum Turpentine oil Turpentine oil, rectified Turpentine oil, rectifier Turpentine, purified Turpentine, rectified Turpentine steam distilled Wood turpentine... 

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