Pinus sylvestris

Weiss-farber, m. bleacher, -faule, /. Bot.) white rot. -feuer, n. white fire, -fohre, /. Scotch pine Pinus sylvestris). 

Since much of the wood in common use today for joinery, including external window frames and roof trusses, is redwood, such as Pinus sylvestris, preservative treatment is very necessary. However, whilst it is known that little corrosion of fasteners can take place in dry wood (<15 Vo moisture... 

Fig. 2.25 Map of Finland and Estonia for examples including Rubus, Empetrum and Pinus sylvestris...

Fig. 2.26 Compounds 95-105 from Pinus sylvestris in Finland and Estonia...

Prus-Glowacki, W. and Stephan, B. R. 1994. Genetic variation of Pinus sylvestris from Spain in relation to other European populations. Silv. Gen. 43 7-14. 

Timonen S, KS Jorgensen, K Haahtela, R Sen (1998) Bacterial community structure at defined locations of Pinus sylvestris-Suillus bovinus and Pinus sylvestris-Paxillus involutus mycorrhizospheres in dry pine forest humus and nursery peat. Can J Microbiol 44 499-513. 

Materials Optical coherence microscope (OCM), personal computer for visualization and recording of images, distilled water, slides and cultivated plants in natural conditions or freshly harvested. The following plants were investigated Nicotiana affinis L., Calendula officinalis L., Urtica dioica L., Atriplex sp., Picea and Pinus sylvestris. 

Fig. 3 OCM Images of resin ducts (shown by arrows) in the needles of Conifer plants a -Picea sp. b - Pinus sylvestris L.

Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris Inorganic As+5 of 50 mg/kg Seedlings die when soil (sandy) concentrations exceed 4... 

The first STS structure solved was that of a pinosylvin-forming STS from Pinus sylvestris. Pine trees can by-pass the C4H reaction and directly produce the CoA thioester of cinnamate that allows this STS to utilize a non-substituted cinnamoyl-CoA starter in vz vo.11 However, when presented in vitro with p-coumaroyl-CoA, the enzyme proves to be comparable in activity to STS enzymes from organisms that utilize the para-substituted cinnamoyl starter. 

Figure 7.1 Total ion current (TIC) chromatogram obtained by GC-MS analysis of a resin (Pinus sylvestris). The diterpenoid resin acids were methylated (using diazomethane) to improve chromatographic performance. Peak identities 1, Methyl pimarate 2, Methyl sandaracopimarate 3, Methyl isopimarate 4, Methyl palustrate 5, Methyl dehydroabietate 6, Methyl abietate 7, Methyl neoabietate. For GC-MS operating conditions, see Heron and Pollard (1988).

The number of OH groups per unit mass of dry wood can be calculated on the basis of an estimate of the number of the OH groups associated with each of the cell wall polymeric constituents (Table 2.2) (Rowell, 1980). An example is given for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). This gives the number of theoretical OH groups according to... 

Larsson and Simonson (1994) studied the mechanical properties of acetylated Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies. The MOR and MOE decreased by about 6 % for pine, but increased by about 7 % with spruce samples after acetylation. Samples for this study were vacuum/pressure impregnated with acetic anhydride, excess anhydride was then drained off and samples were heated at 120 °C for 6 hours. The hardness of the acetylated wood samples was also found to increase, which was considered to result from the lower MC of the modified wood. Acetylated samples were also found to be less susceptible to deformation when subjected to varying RH. 

Coniophora puteana (BAM 15) Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) >20 25 Beckers eta/. (1 994)... 

Ramsden, M.J., Blake, F.S.R. and Fey, N.J. (1997). The effect of acetylation on the mechanical properties, hydrophobicity and dimensional stability of Pinus sylvestris. Wood Science and Technology, 31(2), 97-104. 

Zaman, A., Alen, R. and Kotilainen, R. (2000) Thermal behaviour of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris) and silver birch (Betula pubescens) at 200-230 deg C. Wood and Fiber Science, 32(2), 138-143. 

Androgenic compounds occur in various plants. Celery stalks and parsnip roots contain trace amounts of androstenedione (Fig. 11.12), the same compound found in boar odor (Claus and Hoppen, 1979). Testosterone is also found in pollen of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris). 

Mountain hare Lepus timidus White pine Pirns strobus Scotch pine Pinus sylvestris Phenols... 

The Orkney vole, Microtus arvalis orcadensis, removes almost no bark from seedlings of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, if they are treated with an extract of feces of red fox, Vulpes vulpes, even though the two species have been separated for approximately 5500 years (Calder and Gorman, 1991). 

Njemela, P. and Danell, K. (1988). Comparison of moose browsing on Scots pine Pinus sylvestris) and lodgepole pine (P. contorta). Journal of Applied Ecology 25, 761-775. 

Sunnerheim-Sjoberg, K. (1992). (IS, 2R, 4S, 5S)-Angelicoidenol-2-0-/S-D-glucopyrano-side a moose deterrent compound in Scots pine [Pinus sylvestris L.). Journal of ChemicalEcobgy 18,2025-2039. 

Picea ahies, Pinus sylvestris Pezicula livida (—)-mycorrhizin 198, 203... 

General mineral nutrition status improvement for the host plant has been studied frequently to understand the roles of endophytic fungi. Iron nutrition, however, has been studied only occasionally. P. fortinii strains obtained from Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba, Picea abies, and Carex curvula (the last a monocotyledonous plant) were found to produce the cyclic hexapeptide siderophores ferricrocin (73), ferrirubin (74) and ferrichrome C (75). The concentration and pattern of siderophore production was dependent on ferric ion concentration, pH of the medium, and the strain of endophyte. 

Nuopponen, M. et al., A UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopic study on the extractable compounds in Scots pine Pinus sylvestris) wood Part II. Hydrophilic compounds, Spectrochim. Acta A, 60, 2963, 2004. 

Fliegmann, J. et al., Molecular analysis of chalcone and dihydropinosylvin synthase from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and differential regulation of these and related enzyme activities in stressed plants. Plant Mol. Biol, 18, 489, 1992. 

Pinus sylvestris Epidermal cells 3",6"-di-p-Coumarylkaempferol-3-glucoside 3",6"-di-p-coumarylquercetin-3-glucoside 78... 

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