Resin extraction

Figure 3 shows a comparison between the two methods. The ultrasonically cleaned resin has 10 more contaminant peaks than the Soxhlet-extracted resin. However, the ultrasonic procedure achieves almost the same results as Soxhlet extraction in one-fourth the elapsed time. 

In the lab, chromatographic extraction resin Eichrom Sr-spec in 2 mL columns are routinely used to determine the Sr activity in natural water and foodstuffs. For a volume of water sample greater than 100 mL, it is essential to preconcentrate the alcalino-terrous elements. The different stages to obtain the purified solution of strontium require at least one or two days of handling. The aim of this study was to apply another technique in order to avoid the time-consuming strontium preconcentration step. 

Flavoring agents may be classified as natural, artificial, or natural and artificial (N A) by combining the allnatural and synthetic fiavors. Pharmaceutical flavors are available as liquids (e.g., essential oils, fluid extracts, tinctures, and distillates), solids (e.g., spray-dried, crystalline vanillin, freeze-dried cinnamon powders, and dried lemon fluid extract), and pastes (e.g., soft extracts, resins, and so-called concretes, which are brittle on the outside and soft on the inside). Liquid flavors are by far the most widely used because they diffuse readily into the substrate. They are available both as oily (e.g., essential oils) or non-oily liquids. Their texture is generally dependent on the solvent within which they are prepared. Fluid extracts may contain a single ingredient or a variety of compounded ingredients. Tinctures are obtained by maceration or percolation of specific herbs and spices in alcohol. 

Celery Seed. Dried, ripe fruit of Aphtm graveolens L, Umbelliferae. Habit. Southern Europe cultivated everywhere. Gonstit. Volatile and fixed oils bitter extractive resin. 

Dereplication and characterization The characteristic binding profile of a compound on a number of solid phase extraction resins can be used for comparative and dereplication purposes. Compounds that bind differently to the same media must be different, and if a series of extracts is suspected of containing the same unknown natural product (e.g., all the extracts possess the same biological activity), the fact that they all exhibit the same binding profile might lead to a decision to first isolate the component from one of the extracts, then use that as a standard with which to examine the other extracts. 

Scale-down studies have been used for a wide variety of process validation studies, including resin lifetimes, in-process stream hold times, buffer stability, virus clearance, harvest criteria, filter extractables, resin leachables, and cell age at harvest [14, 91, 92]. The ease of scale-down differs depending on step and should be considered in selecting those steps to be validated [5]. In fact, certain validation issues can be addressed only via small-scale models (e.g., virus clearance evaluation, nucleic acid and other impurities/additives removal, cleaning and storage procedure evaluation, and column lifetime estimation) because their use increases worker safety, reduces costs, and permits use of higher titer samples for improved... 

Previous work in our laboratory (1) implied that higher recovery efficiency may be achieved through the injection of an extracted resinous component, deasphaltened crude oil slug, prior to the injection of the alkaline phase. Results indicated that improvements in tertiary recovery efficiency did occur. The injection of this extracted resinous crude component aided in recovery by preventing asphaltene deposition, thereby increasing permeability of oil to rock, by forming an oil bank, and again, in-situ emulsification was observed to aid in enhanced recovery. 

Results of our experimentation QJ suggests that the occurrence of permeability reductions during enhanced oil recovery may be avoided and the formation of a continuous oil bank may be initiated and maintained by using a slug of an extracted resinous fraction. These results support the work of Lichaa and Herrera (10,11), where they found that severe permeability reductions due to asphaltene deposition, could be avoided by the injection of a mixture of highly resinous Boscon Crude (29% wt. resin) with a Boscon refined oil. Cooke ( recommended a similar process where a bank of highly acidic crude oil would be injected prior to the injection of the alkaline water for cases where the crude oil acid concentration is low. 

The deasphaltened crude oil slug, extracted resinous component, may have improved tertiary recovery by preventing asphaltene deposition, thereby increasing permeability of oil to rock, by forming an oil bank, or again, in-situ emulsification may have enhanced oil recovery. 

In order to reduce the LOD of the most polar EPA priority phenolic compounds to the required O.lUg/L level, PocuruU et al. [224, 225] suggested, first, to use tetrabutylammonium bromide as an ion-pair reagent enhancing the retention of phenols on PLRP-S and Envi-Chrom P extracting resins. Second, they coupled in series an ultraviolet (LJV) and electrochemical detector to significandy enhance the detection sensitivity toward phenolic water contaminants, including those in tap and river water. 

The first diflferentiation is used in various sectors of the wood-processing industry like the pulp and paper industry, as its chemical behaviour is defined by the polarity. Depending on the chemical pulping, certain extractives can show negative effects on the production, e.g. pinosylvin and its monomethyl ether during acid sulphite pulping. In contrast, other pine extractives (resin acids, terpenes, eic.) are useful by-products in Kraft pulping (see Section 9.4.3). 

Polystyrene with phosphonic or phosphinic attached groups shows selective ion exchange towards metals. Polystyrene-supported phosphinates (12.202c) form better selective ion extraction resins than the corresponding sulphonic or carboxylate derivatives [34]. Phosphonate and phosphinate resins can be used for selective extraction of Pb (12.169). 

Deep purification of cobalt solution may be realized by using PC88A extraction resin with an extractant content of 55% through extraction chromatography. 

Gum Resin Extract Resin Extract The Mucous Body Essential Salt Weak Acid (acidule)... 

A key to successful chromatographic analysis lies in proper sample preparation. Ideally, it is preferred to dissolve the sample in a suitable solvent and analyze that solution directly, provided the presence of dissolved polymer does not complicate the chromatographic analysis. These cases are indeed rare. Normally, filtration or precipitation followed by final filtration is desirable to remove interferences in sample components (polymers) and higher-molecular-weight components. This approach works well when the polymers are, first, soluble, and second, can be precipitated with an antisolvent. Less soluble polymers, such as highly crystalline resins, require extraction to remove the components of interest from the resin matrix. Numerous extraction techniques (supercritical fluid extraction, solvent extraction, resin dissolution followed by antisolvent precipitation, etc.) are also available [14]. 

The concentrated sample solution is then transferred with a 250 mL syringe into a glass ampoule as shown in Fig. 18-3. Further concentration may be achieved by blowing a slow stream of ultra-clean nitrogen into the ampoule through a capillary held in the neck. During solvent evaporation the ampoule should be held well below room temperature to minimize the loss of volatile analytes. To check for completeness of desorption, the extracted resin is left in contact with the solvent which is then collected separately and prepared for analysis in like manner. 

In order to ascertain UF encapsulation of resin, spectra of original alkyd resin is compared with the spectra of soxhlet extracted resin. The purpose of Soxhlet apparatus is to extract core material from the outer membrane. The core material collected after soxhlet extraction was mixed with Potassium Bromide and palette was prepared for recording spectra using fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FUR). 

The FTIR spectra of original alkyd resin and soxhlet extracted resin are shown in Figure 2 which shows the characteristic peaks of ester stretching (COOR) at 1729.49 cm, unsaturated fatty acid at 1266.23 cm and aromatic CH deformation at 730cm closely matches thus establishing that alkyd resin has been successfully encapsulated within urea-formaldehyde shell. 

Figure 2. (A) FTIR spectra of original Resin and (B) SoxhIet extracted Resin.

Alkyd resin along with solvent has been successfully encapsulated inside UF shell by In situ encapsulation technique. The SEM analysis shows that microcapsules were comprised of a thin continuous shell wall and a rough exterior shell wall. The FTIR spectra of original and soxhlet extracted resin proves the encapsulation of alkyd resin inside the shell. Moreover DSC and TGA analysis shows that the microcapsules contain both resin-solvent mixture as core and UF as shell material. These microcapsules incorporated in paints or coatings release the healing material when scratched which in turn heals the scratches and cracks. 

When the content of essential oil is low in the raw material or the aroma constituents are destroyed hy steam distillation or the aroma is lost by its solubility in water, then the oil in the raw material is recovered by an extraction process. Examples are certain herbs or spices (cf. 22.1.1.1) and some fruit powders. Hexane, triacetin, acetone, ethanol, water and/or edible oil or fat are used as solvents. Good yields are also obtained by using liquid CO2. The volatile solvent is then fully removed by distillation. The oil extract (resin, absolue) often contains volatile aroma compounds in excess of 10% in addition to lipids, waxes, plant pigments and other substances extractable by the chosen solvent. Extraction may be followed by chromatographic or counter-current separation to isolate some desired aroma fractions. If the solvent used is not removed by distillation, the product is called an extract. The odor intensity of the extract, compared to the pure essential oil, is weaker for aromatization purposes hy a factor of 1Q2 to 10 ... 

Heavy-metal extracting resins Diketene United States 2,722,481 1955 DuPont > XJ n... 

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