Camphor tree

Ordinary commercial camphor is (-i-)-cam phor, from the wood of the camphor tree. Cinnamonum camphora. Camphor is of great technical importance, being used in the manufacture of celluloid and explosives, and for medical purposes, /t is manufactured from pinene through bornyl chloride to camphene, which is either directly oxidized to camphor or is hydrated to isoborneol, which is then oxidized to camphor. A large number of camphor derivatives have been prepared, including halogen, nitro and hydroxy derivatives and sulphonic acids. 

Camphor Manufacture. Camphor is obtained both naturally and synthetically. Natural camphor is obtained from the wood of the camphor tree, Cinnamormum camphora which grows ia China and Japan. The camphor is isolated by combination of steam distillation, filtration, distillation, and sublimation (169). Natural camphor is the (+)-camphor, whereas synthetic camphor is racemic both products are recognized by the USP. In 1995, the price of synthetic camphor was 7.15/kg (45). In 1992—1993, the total production of synthetic camphor ia India was 3800 t, which is estimated to be about 40% of the world consumption (170). The largest single use (80%) of camphor is for religious purposes ia Asian countries. 

Camphor [126-04-5] (11), menthol [89-78-1] (12), and thymol [89-83-8] (13) ate used in topical over-the-counter cough and cold preparations. Camphor is isolated from the camphor tree, Cinnomomum camphora T. Nees Eherneier, or prepared synthetically from a-pinene or isobomeol. About 75% of the camphor sold in the United States is synthetic. Menthol, commercially the most important terpene alcohol, is obtained by crysta11i2ation from... 

Camphor was originally obtained from the camphor tree Lauras eamphora in which it appeared in the optically active dextro-rotary form. Since about 1920 the racemic ( ) mixture derived from oil of turpentine has been more generally used. By fractional distillation of oil of turpentine the product pinene is obtained. By treating this with hydrochloric acid, pinene hydrochloride (also known as bomyl chloride) may be produced. This is then boiled with acetic acid to hydrolyse the material to the racemic bomeol, which on oxidation yields camphor. Camphor is a white crystalline solid (m.p. 175°C) with the structure shown in Figure 22.3. 

Camphor, Cj HjgO, occurs in the wood of the camphor tree Laurus camphora) as dextro-camphor. This is the ordinary camphor of commerce, known as Japan camphor, whilst the less common laevo-camphor is found in the oil of Matricaria parthenium. Camphor can also be obtained by the oxidation of borneol or isoborneol with nitric acid. Camphor may be prepared from turpentine in numerous ways, and there are many patents existing for its artificial preparation. Artificial camphor, however, does not appear to be able to compete commercially with the natural product. Amongst the methods may be enumerated the following —... 

Kampher-baum, m. camphor tree, -chinon, n. camphorquinone. -essig, m. camphorated vinegar, -geist, m. spirit of camphor. 

Camphor, a saturated monoketone from the Asian camphor tree, is used among other things as a moth repellent and as a constituent of embalming fluid. If camphor has M+ = 152.1201 by high-resolution mass spectrometry, what is its molecular formula How many rings does camphor have ... 

CioHifiO, M, 152.24, (+)-camphor ftj iookPa 204 °C, mp 178.8 °C, [a] + 44.3° both optical isomers are found widely in nature, (+)-camphor [464-49-3] being the more abundant. It is, for example, the main component of oils obtained from the camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora. 

Camphor oil is obtained by steam distillation of the wood of the camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora Sieb. (Lauraceae) growing in China, Taiwan, and Japan. The main constituent of the crude oil is camphor (ca. 50%), which can be separated by crystallization on cooling and subsequent centrifugation. Fractionation of the mother liquor gives two oils ... 

The production of natural camphor and camphor oils was formerly several thousand of tons per year, but has declined as a result of the production of synthetic camphor. The same is true for the distillation of linalool-containing camphor oils (Ho oil. Ho leaf oil), which are derived from other varieties of the camphor tree. 

Chinese sassafras oils are oils or fractions of oils, rich in safrole, that are obtained from different species of the camphor tree (see Camphor Oils) [772]. 

As reported by American Forests, a champion camphor tree growing in Darby Florida was selected in 1992. Dimensions of the tree circumference (at feel 14 meters above ground level) = 422 inches (1070 centimeters) height = 67 feet (20.4 mclers) spread = 103 feet (31.4 meters). 

Can be obtained by distilling chips from, the camphor tree(Cinamonum camphora), native of Formosa, China, Japan, Malaya, Archipelago Brazil and now cultivated in Florida and California can be prepd synthetically by one of the methods described in Refs 1, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13)... 

For many years, the principal source of camphor was the Formosan camphor tree. It now can be synthesized on a large scale from a-pinene (see Exercise 30-7). Some of the other types of naturally occurring bicyclic ketones follow ... 

Camphor is the main constituent of camphor oil which is obtained from the wood and the leaf of camphor tree,... 

The trees over 1+0 years old are felled, their roots are dug out. The roots and the trunks of the camphor trees are brought to the factory where they are reduced to small chips. The camphor oil is then distilled with steam in special, rather wooden still (Fig. 9) The camphor oil which accumulates in the condensing vessels is usually emptied once a month. About l/3 of the pure camphor, present in the oil is crystalized out and it is separated from the liquid by straining. The camphor remaining in the oil is recovered either by fractional distillation or by freezing out or by the formation of complexes with the strong acids. 

Aldehydes aid ketones often have pleasant odors. They are found as components of many perfumes and flavorings, both natural and artificial. For example, citral has a strong lemon odor and is found in lemon and orange oils, cinnamaldehyde has a strong cinnamon odor and is found in cinnamon oil, and vanillin is a major component of vanilla flavoring. Camphor, isolated from the camphor tree, is used in liniments and inhalants, and muscone, which has a musky aroma, is used in many perfumes. 

Terpenes were originally named after turpentine, the volatile oil from pine trees used in oil painting, whose major constituent is a-pinene. The term was rather vaguely used for all the volatile oily compounds, insoluble in water and usually with resiny smells from plants. The oils distilled from plants, which often contain perfumery or flavouring materials, are called essential oils and these too contain terpenes. Examples include camphor from the camphor tree, used to preserve clothes from moths, humulene from hops, which helps to give beer its flavour, and phytol, found in many plants. 

Cyclopentane bicyclic monoterpenoids that occur in the plant kingdom belong to three major skeletal types camphane, iso-camphane, and fenchane (Fig. 7). Camphane-type terpenoid alcohols, (+)-bomeol (Gl) and (—)-isobomeol (G2), have been isolated from Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) and Achillea filipendulina (Asteraceae). A ketone derived from these, (-h)-camphor (G3), is found in the camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora) and in the leaves of rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis) and sage Salvia officinalis, Labiatae). Camphene (G4) and its enantiomer with the isocamphane carbon skeleton are known to occur in the oils of citronella and turpentine. Fenchane-type bicyclic cyclopentane monoterpenoids are commonly found in plants as their ketone derivatives. (—)-Fenchone (G5) occurs in the tree of life Thuja occidentalis, Cupres-saceae). Its enantiomer, (+)-fenchone (G6), has been isolated from the oil of fennel Foeniculum vulgare, Umbelliferae). 

Camphor sublimes at 205 C. What is this temperature in F Can you suggest a way of extracting camphor from the leaves and wood of the camphor tree ... 

Natural Camphor.—Camphor is obtained as a natural product from the camphor tree, Laurus camphor a (or Cinnamomum camphor a) ... 

Another species in this genus. Cinnamon camphora, is the source of camphor. This tree is native to Southeast Asia. Camphor is an aromatic compound derived from the bark and wood of the camphor tree and is used as a... 

Scutellaria species (skullcap) Teucrium species (germander) Cinnamonum camphors (camphor tree)... 

Stephanie species (jin bu huan) Menispermaceae Camphor tree Cinnamonum camphora... 

Camphor is a white crystalline substance, obtained from the tree Cinnamonum camphora (camphor tree), but the name has also been given to various volatile substances found in different aromatic plants. 

Over in China, Thailand, Japan, etc. grows the camphor tree. They chop up the bark, leaves and whatever. They then steam distill the stuff to get a crude camphor extract. When this extract cools, a motherlode of white camphor (the actual chemical compound called camphor) crystals form. These crystals are separated by fdtration and represent about 50% of the crude extract. The other 50% that doesn t crystallize is what is termed as camphor oil. It is this oil that is the camphor oil of commerce. This crude oil is also what is technically called the essential oil of camphor. ... 

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