Follow up tests

Administration may result in nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and skin rash. Abnormal liver function tests may be seen and may require follow-up tests to determine if liver function has been affected. 

The patient verbalizes an understanding of the therapeutic regimen modalities and the importance of continued follow-up testing. 

Infants with pneumonitis should receive follow-up testing, because erythromycin is only 80% effective. 

The appropriate animal model is also important when performing follow-up testing or additional mechanistic tests to further investigate findings observed as part of the routine preclinical safety tests. When possible, these studies should employ the same animals or animal model in which the change was initially observed for several reasons, as outlined by Bloom et al. (1987), including ... 

Use of in vitro Tests. In vitro tests are useful as sensitive follow-up tests to determine potential effects or mechanisms of effects on specific cell types at the cellular and molecular levels. In addition, most are relatively simple to perform and ex vivo tests can be performed in conjunction with preclinical in vivo tests. There are several advantages to using in vitro tests ... 

As a follow-up test, the activity of red cell G6PD was measured. 

Dermal/Ocular Effects. Volunteers including the report s author were exposed topically to liquid from a remote water gauge this liquid contained 1,2-dibromoethane as well as other chemicals (Pfiesser 1938). Follow-up tests were formed with 1,2-dibromoethane. No dermal changes occurred when the liquid or 0.5 cc of 1,2-dibromoethane was applied to uncovered skin. A burning sensation, inflammation and vesiculation occurred when a cloth dressing saturated with the liquid was applied for 1-2 hours. Skin lesions resolved with treatment after 7-13 days. 

Using Data from In Vitro Profiling Confirmatory Tests, Follow-Up Tests, and the Link to Safety Assessment and In Vivo Models... 

Expect follow-up tests, such as ESR, C-reactive protein measurement, and urinalysis... 

After resolution of the acute phase, maintenance levels of at least 0.8 mEq/L are necessary for optimal efficacy and should be checked once every 6 to 12 months, or more often if clinically indicated. Other follow-up tests include periodic thyroid function tests, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum calcium (because lithium may cause hypoparathyroidism), and an EGG. Thyroid function tests and renal function should be monitored approximately every 6 to 12 months (see the section Maintenance/Prophylaxis Treatment in Chapter 10). 

The testing procedure involving colonized bacteria Pseudomonas aureus in the protocol was too challenging for the water-based dressing and resulted in unacceptable mortality of rats. In follow-up tests, FD C dyes were observed to penetrate the thickness of the dressing to the tissue, which means that the barrier was permeable to bacteria. Chlorhexidine added to the aqueous and polymer phase of the emulsion produced acceptable results in Kirby-Bauer tests, but not inoculation tests with bacteria on excised rats. 

These results indicate that classification methods could be very effective computational filters if used prior to experimental testing. However, what is apparent from many of the published studies is that prospective use and follow-up testing of compounds suggested is very limited to date. 

Based on the conclusions from this study, it is recommended that a logical follow-up test would consist of a commercial demonstration where CSD SRC is fired in a coal fired boiler. The following specific areas should be addressed ... 

Describe the use of follow up tests to discover which treatments differ from which others... 

The means and SDs for each catalyst (Table 13.1) suggest that the main features are palladium producing higher yields than any other metal, with palladium-iridium a good second and littie to choose between the others. However, we really need a more objective assessment and this is where follow up tests come in. They are called follow up tests because traditionally they are only applied after an ANOVA has proved significant, although there is no strict need to follow that sequence. There are innumerable follow-up tests available, but the two outiined below will cope with most situations. 

Performing Tukey s test With our experiment, a case could be made for performing either a Dunnett s or a Tukey s test. The general rule, that choices of statistical methodology should be made in advance of seeing the data, includes the selection of a follow-up test. Let us assume that a decision had been made that we would use Tukey s test. 

Follow-up tests rectify both of these shortcomings. 

Follow-up tests will rectify both of these short-comings. Tukey s test will look at the difference for every possible pair of levels of the factor. Dunnett s test will treat one level as a reference and then compare all other levels against that. A confidence interval is calculated for the difference between each pair of treatments. If the interval excludes zero, that comparison is statistically significant The intervals are calculated to give each comparison less than a 5 per cent risk of producing a false positive. In this way, the entire series of comparisons will accumulate a total 5 per cent risk. 

With the one-way ANOVA, most statistical packages implement a series of followup tests to determine exactly where any differences lie. Similar procedures exist to allow follow-up after a significant Kruskal-Wallis test, but unfortunately they are not widely implemented in statistical packages. There would be no point in doing so in the present case, but if another data set proves significant and you want to perform follow-up tests, you will either have to resort to a very powerful (and probably not very friendly) statistical package, or do the calculation manually. The latter is tedious, but recipes are available. (A clear account is available in Zar J.H., 1999, Biostatistical Analysis, Prentice Hall, NJ pp. 223-226.)... 

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