Nonvolatile residue

FIGURE 2 11 Distillation of crude oil yields a series of volatile fractions having the names indicated along wih a nonvolatile residue The number of carbon atoms that characterize the hydrocarbons in each frac tion IS approximate... 

Treatment of 3 5 dimethylphenol with dilute nitnc acid followed by steam distillation of the reaction mixture gave a compound A (CgH9N03 mp 66°C) in 36% yield The nonvolatile residue from the steam distillation gave a compound B (CsHpNOs mp 108°C) in 25% yield on extraction with chloroform Identify compounds A and B... 

In poly(ethylene terephthalate) (14—16) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (17—19), the mechanism of action of phosphoms flame retardants is at least partly attributable to a decrease in the amount of combustible volatiles and a corresponding increase in nonvolatile residue (char). In poly(methyl methacrylate), the phosphoms flame retardant appears to cause an initial cross-linking through anhydride linkages (19). 

Specifications and Standards, Shipping. Commercial iodine has a minimum purity of 99.8%. The Committee of Analytical reagents of the American Chemical Society (67) and the U.S. Pharmacopoeia XXII (68) specify an iodine content not less than 99.8%, a maximum nonvolatile residue of 0.01%, and chlorine—bromine (expressed as chlorine) of 0.005% (ACS) and 0.028% (USP), respectively. In the past these requirements were attained basicaHy only by sublimation, but with processing changes these specifications can be met by direct production of iodine. Previously the impurities of the Chilean product were chiefly water, sulfuric acid, and insoluble materials. Improvements in the production process, and especiaHy in the refining step, aHow the direct obtainment of ACS-type iodine. Also, because of its origin and production process, the Chilean iodine has a chlorine—bromine impurity level of no more than 0.002%. 

A residuum, often shortened to resid, is the residue obtained from petroleum after nondestmctive distillation has removed all the volatile materials. The temperature of the distillation is usually below 345°C because the rate of thermal decomposition of petroleum constituents is substantial above 350°C. Temperatures as high as 425°C can be employed in vacuum distillation. When such temperatures are employed and thermal decomposition occurs, the residuum is usually referred to as pitch. By inference, the name is used in the same manner as when it refers to the nonvolatile residue from the thermal decomposition of coal tar (3). 

There is no specific color or other reaction by which methyl chloride can be detected or identified. QuaUty testing of methyl chloride for appearance, water content, acidity, nonvolatile residue, residual odor, methanol, and acetone is routinely done by production laboratories. Water content is determined with Kad Fischer reagent using the apparatus by Kieselbach (55). Acidity is determined by titration with alcohoHc sodium hydroxide solution. The nonvolatile residue, consisting of oil or waxy material, is determined by evaporating a sample of the methyl chloride at room temperature. The residue is examined after evaporation for the presence of odor. Methanol and acetone content are determined by gas chromatography. 

Polymers with much higher average molecular weights, from 90,000 to 4 x 10 , are formed by a process of coordinate anionic polymerization (43—45). The patent Hterature describes numerous organometaUic compounds, aLkaline-earth compounds, and mixtures as polymerization catalysts. Iron oxides that accumulate in ethylene oxide storage vessels also catalyze polymerization. This leads to the formation of nonvolatile residue (NVR) no inhibitor has been found (46). 

Nonvolatile residue < 15 mg < 12mgH20 < 75 mg for ETOH < 100 mg for hexane-PE < 350 mg for hsexane-HDPE No test... 

Conradson Carbon Number ASTM D-189 Determination of the weight of nonvolatile residue formed after evaporation and atmospheric pyrolysis of fuel or oil. This test method provides some information about the relative coke-forming or deposit-forming tendency of a fuel or oil. Products having a high ash value will have an erroneously high carbon residue value. 

Nonvolatile Residue. Transfer 100ml of the sample to a tared dish and after evaporating to dryness on a steam bath, place the dish for one bour in an oven at 100°. Cool in a desiccator, weigh and calculate % Nonvolatiles = 100A/BC,... 

Ethylene oxide, 5SWt = 100.00 %Wt (acidity + water + aldehyde + chloride + nonvolatile residue)... 

Nonvolatile residue. The nonvolatile residue af the propellant shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D1353-64 with the following exception ... 

Butadiene is available commercially as a liquefied gas underpressure. The polymerization grade has a minimum purity of 99%, with acetylene as an impurity in the parts-per-million (ppm) range. Isobutene, 1-butene, butane and cis-l- and Zrc//7.s-2-butcnc have been detected in pure-grade butadiene (Miller, 1978). Typical specifications for butadiene are purity, > 99.5% inhibitor (/c/V-butylcatecliol). 50-150 ppm impurities (ppm max.) 1,2-butadiene, 20 propadiene, 10 total acetylenes, 20 dimers, 500 isoprene, 10 other C5 compounds, 500 sulfur, 5 peroxides (as H2O2), 5 ammonia, 5 water, 300 carbonyls, 10 nonvolatile residues, 0.05 wt% max. and oxygen in the gas phase, 0.10 vol% max. (Sun Wristers, 1992). Butadiene has been stabilized with hydroquinone, catechol and aliphatic mercaptans (lARC, 1986, 1992). 

Muffle Furnaces or Retorts of Graphite or Silicon Carbide. The metal is fed into the furnace either batchwise as a solid or continuously as a liquid. The heat of vaporization is supplied by heating the outside of the retort with a burner. The nonvolatile residues (iron and lead in the case of dross from smelting) accumulate in the retort and must be removed at intervals. This is facilitated by tipping the retorts. 

The diterpene acid, abietic acid, is a major constituent of rosin, which is obtained as a nonvolatile residue in the manufacture of turpentine by steam distillation of pine oleoresin or shredded pine stumps. Abietic acid is used extensively in varnishes and as its sodium salt in laundry soaps. 

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