Patents search

There are three major steps to a patent search. (1) There is the US Patent Classification System that is a sort of subject index to all patents, (2) CASSIS is a computerized software information system provided by the USA patent office, and (3) review the patent that takes time involves the weekly official worldwide gazettes, magazines, etc. There are many ways available to search the patent database in both US and worldwide, but one web that is particularly useful to the novice or occasional searcher is one offered by IBM locate at http //www patents.IBM.com 

The patent offices worldwide have opened their databases to the public there is no better place to start the search for patentability than with these free databases the same databases that provide additional services and literature search are packaged by other vendors. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (1) has created one of the world s largest electronic databases that includes every patent issued recently, published applications are also available in the database. Scientists are strongly urged to develop expert skills in interacting with the database of the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The search at United States Patent and Trademark Office can be most beneficial if the scientist learns how to use the patent classification system. (Tutorials are available at the United States Patent and Trademark Office website alternately, please consult Filing Patents Online A Professional Guide by Sarfaraz K. Niazi, CRC Press 2002). 

Patent Office Classification 435 includes the following subcategories related to therapeutic proteins. 

21 Eukaryotic cell This subclass is indented tmder subclass 93.2. Subject matter involving a eukaryotic cell, such as an animal cell, plant cell, fungus, protozoa, or higher algae, which has been genetically modified. (1) Note. A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus defined by a nuclear membrane wherein the nucleus contains chromosomes that comprise the genome of the cell. 

3 Intentional mixture of two or more microorganisms, cells, or viruses of different genera This subclass is indented under subclass 93.1. Subject matter involving a mixture consisting of two or more different microbial, cellular, or viral genera. (1) Note. A mixture of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas or a mixture of Aspergillus and Bacillus would be considered proper for this subclass while a mixture of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus brevis would be classified under Bacillus 

49 and 1.53, for methods of using radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies or compositions thereof for bioaffecting or body-treating purposes and said compositions, per se. 

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PATDD PATDPA Patellamides Patentability Patentability search Patentability searches... 

APS (Automated Patent Searching) U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) MicroPatent covers U.S. granted patents 1975—present first page and exemplary claim updated monthly within two weeks of final issue date each month cumulated to one disk/three years... 

With the current prevalence of computer Hterature searching, it is relatively easy to accomplish patent searches, especiaUy in Chemicaly hstracts (CAS). In heu of what would be an extensive Ust of patent references to the many appHcations for VP homo- and copolymers, a Ust of the major categories and the number of patents granted in each of them during the period 1989—1995 is given in Table 17. More detail concerning the patents is provided in Reference 27. 

During the 1990s there was enormous activity in the development of a further type of polyethylene based on metallocene catalysis methods. One patent search... 

In this chapter, we briefly review various aspects of the chemical information systems used by the chemist for literature and patent searches the field of computer-aided drug design technologies, cheminformatics, as well as other applications. We place special emphases on the ligand-based techniques and only briefly mention the structure-based design technologies. 

We should not minimize the effects that electronic searching of patents has had on the business of research. In 1990, CAS introduced MARPAT, which is a database of Markush (generic) structures found in patent documents [1]. This database provided a valuable tool for patent searching in a more comprehensive way than had been available previously. In 1995, CAS launched SciFinder, which provided access to the patent literature for chemists on their desktops. Using the SciFinder interface, one may search for research topics, authors, companies, or structures/reactions. From a practical viewpoint, SciFinder did more to enhance the searching capabilities of the medicinal chemist than any other tool. Even today, SciFinder continues to provide a first pass through the patent literature when chemists want to include patents in their searching. Indeed, when a search is performed, patent references are included in the answer set. Only very recently have there been additional tools to search the patent literature that have found widespread use. 

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Web Patent Databases. The Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) [72] offers free World Wide Web access, http // www.uspto.gov/main/patents.htm, to a bibliographic patent database that uses the most current patent classification system, this may not match the classification data that appears on the printed patent, and to a full-text patent database that uses the classification data that appear on the printed patent, this may not match the current classification data. The databases start with January 1, 1976, patents. The full text of a patent includes all bibliographical data (e.g., inventor s name, the patent s title, the assignee s name, etc.) and the abstract, full description of the invention, and the claims. All the words in the text of the patent are searchable. If the patent number is known, the patent, regardless of year, can be ordered from the PTO. Automated searching of 1971 to date patents is available at some of the Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries. Prior to 1971 searching can be done at the PTO facilities or at the Patent and Trademark Depository Libraries. Commercial patent search services are also available. 

Cross-file patent searches, 18 243-244 CrossFire Beilstein, 6 19 Cross-flow filtration, 11 383 15 827, 829 in porous pipes, 11 387-388 with rotating elements, 11 383-387 Cross flow model, 21 706 Cross-flow packed scrubber, 26 687-688 Crossflow plates, 6 762-763 Cross-flow screens, 22 282 Cross-flow velocity, 15 725 Crosshead mandrel, in VDC film extrusion, 25 732-733 Cross-lapping, 17 501 Cross-linkable epoxy thermoplastic system (CET), 10 436... 

Multidentate V-heterocyclic ligands, thorium and, 24 767 Multidimensional gas chromatography, 4 617-618 6 433-434 Multidrug resistant bacteria, 18 252 Multi-effect distillation (ME), 26 65—67 Multi-effect vapor-compression submerged-tube desalination plant, 26 70 Multielevation piperacks, 19 515 Multifeed fractionation, 10 616 Multifilamentary superconductor, 23 846 Multifilament sutures, 24 218 threads for, 24 207 Multifilament yarns, 11 177-178 Multifile patent searches, 18 244 Multifunctional aliphatic epoxies, 10 376 Multifunctional coatings, 1 714-716 Multifunctional epoxy resins, 10 367-373, 418, 454... 

Patch coating, 7 24 Patchouli oil, 24 542 in perfumes, 78 370 Patcote, commercial defoamer, 8 24 It Patentability, prerequisites for, 78 172-177 Patentability searches, 18 207 Patentable subject matter, 78 165 Patent abstracts, pharmaceutical-related, 78 235-236... 

See also Derwent Information Ltd. Patent information searches, types of, 78 231—239. See also Infringement patent information searches Patent searches... 

Patents Citation Index, 18 227, 238 Patent searches, 18 207-210. See also Patentability searches Patent information searches Patent specifications, searching of, 18 234 Patents Preview, 18 226, 236 PATFULL files, 18 247-248 pat gene, 13 360, 361t Pathogenic yeasts, 26 475-476 Patient package inserts (PPIs), 18 718 PATOLIS database, 18 248-249 Patternation, 23 194 of sprays, 23 187-188 Patternators, 23 188, 194 Pattern dental waxes, 8 296 Patterned electrodeposition, 9 811-832 Patterned impressions, in blood, 12 102 Pattern recognition examinations, 12 100-101... 

Term extraction and analysis software, in patent searching, 18 244 Terminal model theory, 29 832 Terminal activity coefficients, 8 743 Terminal lakes... 

Baker D, Pryce G, Davies WL, Hiley GR, in silico patent searching reveals a new... 

The patent application document may be considered under a number of headings (Table 2.2). After the title comes the abstract, which identifies the innovation and the innovation area. Relevant prior art is then overviewed in detail in the background section. This is drawn mainly from published research articles and pre-existing patents. An adequate preparation of this section relies on prior completion of a comprehensive literature and patent search. Next, a short paragraph that details the problem the innovation will solve is presented. This should emphasize why the innovation should be considered novel and non-obvious. This in turn is followed by a detailed technical description of the innovation, such that an ordinary person skilled in the art could reproduce it. If, for example, microbial cultures or animal cells form part of the innovation, these must be deposited in an approved depository (e.g. the American Type Culture... 

Literature and Patent Research. An efficient literature and patent search capacity has to be made available. Patent research is particularly important for evaluation of the feasibility of taking up R D for new APIs-for-generics. Provisions have to be made for a periodic examination of all acquired research results to determine whether applications for protective rights (patent) are indicated. 

Thirdly, literature and particularly patent searches may be necessary to establish the likely difficulty of achieving novelty as the lead is modified towards the design objectives. 

We much appreciate the involvement of Jim Malek and Carl Voigt in literature and patent searches. 

A general patents search revealed as many as 161 web pages for green tamarind, 77 for tamarind powder, 53 for tamarind pulp, 51 for tamarind paste, 35 for tamarind juice... 

Goncharoff, N. 2007. SureChem—free access to current, comprehensive chemical patent searching, presentation given at the ICIC meeting, Infonortics, Barcelona, Spain. 

If a scientific library does not provide an online patent and literature service, the patent office library may be approached directly. Patent attorneys may also offer a patent search service. Furthermore, contacts with companies which are interested in the field may be established in order to use their patent information network. 

Compared with the cost of fruitless re-inventions, the expenses of patent searches are minute and comparable to scientific literature searches. The information obtained may be extremely valuable considering the fact that patent descriptions usually are very detailed and may also refer to alternative methods and possible variations of important parameters. 

The desk top computer, via the Internet and such US compilations as delphion.com, or the various national patent office compilations, notably www.patent.gov.uk/, esp cenet and www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html/, provides access to patents, greatly aided in the author s case by the British Library paper and electronic systems. Patents provide useful literature references and access to the inventors basic thinking, right or wrong Patents, the author has found, are full of mistakes, inconsistencies and contradictions, which enable the reader to learn by comparison, and to sort out the quintessential information. See Appendix C, for an elementary patent search technique via the US Patent Office. 

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