Multi-effect distillation

Seawater Distillation. The principal thermal processes used to recover drinking water from seawater include multistage flash distillation, multi-effect distillation, and vapor compression distillation. In these processes, seawater is heated, and the relatively pure distillate is collected. Scale deposits, usually calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, or calcium sulfate, lessen efficiency of these units. Dispersants such as poly(maleic acid) (39,40) inhibit scale formation, or at least modify it to form an easily removed powder, thus maintaining cleaner, more efficient heat-transfer surfaces. 

Distillation processes, 26 61-73. See also Distillation(s) freeze-desalination, 26 71 materials and scaling issues in, 26 71-73 multi-effect distillation, 26 65-67 multistage flash evaporation, 26 61-65 vapor compression distillation, 26 67 Distillation reactors, 21 332 Distillation region diagrams (DRD), 22 302, 303, 331... 

Multidentate V-heterocyclic ligands, thorium and, 24 767 Multidimensional gas chromatography, 4 617-618 6 433-434 Multidrug resistant bacteria, 18 252 Multi-effect distillation (ME), 26 65—67 Multi-effect vapor-compression submerged-tube desalination plant, 26 70 Multielevation piperacks, 19 515 Multifeed fractionation, 10 616 Multifilamentary superconductor, 23 846 Multifilament sutures, 24 218 threads for, 24 207 Multifilament yarns, 11 177-178 Multifile patent searches, 18 244 Multifunctional aliphatic epoxies, 10 376 Multifunctional coatings, 1 714-716 Multifunctional epoxy resins, 10 367-373, 418, 454... 

Desalination has been practiced for many years, although the early large-scale industrial applications were in the 1960s in the Middle-East using thermal desalination technologies such as multistage flash or multi-effect distillation. These plants used sophisticated thermal or vacuum systems to effectively distil a portion... 

Low Temperature Multi-effect Distillation (LTTIED) Combined With Power Generation (Dual-Purpose)... 

The main methods used in desalination units are reverse osmosis and multi-effect distillation. The energy consumption of a desalination plant using the technology of reverse osmosis depends on its size, the contents of sea water and the desired quality of the produced water and usually ranges between 5-7 kWh/m3 when sea water is used. When well water in coastal regions is used for desalination the energy consumption is less than half of the above. The nominal capacity of small-size desalination units for rural housings is of the order of 400 W. 

Engehen, H.K. and S. Skogestad, Multi effect distillation applied to an industrial case study. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 2005, 44(8) 819 826. 

The FBNR can operate within a cogeneration plant producing both electricity and desalinated water. A Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) plant may be used for water desalination. An estimated 1000 m /day of potable water could be produced at 1 MW(e) reduction of the electric power. 

Cycle type Indirect cycle intermediate loop of forced circulation molten salt. Ca-Br thermochemical water cracking cycle/ supercritical CO2 Bra54on cycle with a feed-forward multi-effect distillation bottoming cycle... 

Bottoming cycle Feed forward multi-effect distillation desalination. 

The desalination plant to produce potable water from seawater feedstock (assumed at 25°C) is a feed forward Multi-Effect-Distillation (MED) design, which is driven by the heat recovered in cooling the SC-CO2 from 100°C down to the SC-CO2 critical temperature of 31°C. The brine from the desalination plant is rejected at 35°C. 

Seawater desalination 28 000 mVday from multi-effect distillation (MED) at 450 MW(th) with electricity co-generation... 

The integrated SMART nuclear desalination plant consists of the 4 units that realize multi-effect distillation - thermal vapour compression (MED-TVC) process [4,5], Fig. 2, 3. Each unit has a desalination capacity of 10,000 mVday and is coupled with a SMART reactor through the steam transformer. A steam transformer is installed to protect the desalination plant from radioactive contamination. 

The 100°C seawater exiting from the Brayton cycle cooler delivers heat and seawater feedstock to the desalination plant. The desalination plant is a feed forward Multi-Effect-Distillation (MED) design [10], which produces 8000 m /d of potable water. Finally, heat at temperature slightly above ambient exits the plant in the form of heated brine tailings from the desalination process - minimizing the thermal plume ecological footprint of the plant. Alternate bottoming cycles have been identified for use at landlocked sites. 

Hui Tong Chua (thermal desalination low grade heat driven multi-effect distillation), School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, WA... 

SMART I Multi-effect distillation with thermal vapour compressor (MED-TVC)... 

MARS IV Multi-effect distillation (MED) or thermo-compression... 

The SCOR is mainly developed for electricity generation, providing competitive costs compared with large sized reactors through system simplification and compactness in plant layout. However, the SCOR may be used in cogeneration schemes like seawater desalination using low temperature processes, such as thermo-compression or multi-effect distillation. 

The demineralized (DM) water make up requirement of a 300 MW(e) AHWR is about 350 m /d. An additional requirement of about 150 m /d.of fresh water for drinking and other purposes is envisaged. It is therefore proposed to set up a 500 m /d low temperature multi effect distillation (LT-MED) seawater desalination plant utilizing low pressure steam from the turbine to meet the DM water requirements. Figure XI-8 provides a schematic flow sheet of the desalination plant of AHWR. 

The GT-MHR is well suited for the desalination of seawater in a cogeneration mode. By transferring the higher temperature energy from the precooler and intercooler (Fig. XV-2) to the desalination system (e g. multi-effect distillation), and the lower temperature energy to the site heat sink (e g. cooling tower), the desalination system will have no impact on plant thermal efficiency. 

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