Yeasts, pathogenic

Cormak BP, Ghori N, Falkow S An adhesin of the yeast pathogen Candida glabrata mediating adherence to human epithelial cells. Science 1999 285 578-582. 

Ingroff AE (1998) In vitro activity of the new triazole voriconazole (UK-109,496) against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and common and emerging yeast pathogens. J Clin Microbiol 36 198... 

At 70—140°C, peroxide is vaporised. Peroxide vapor has been reported to rapidly inactivate pathogenic bacteria, yeast, and bacterial spores in very low concentrations (133). Experiments using peroxide vapor for space decontamination of rooms and biologic safety cabinets hold promise (134). The use of peroxide vapor and a plasma generated by radio frequency energy releasing free radicals, ions, excited atoms, and excited molecules in a sterilising chamber has been patented (135). 

This section considers, in three separate chapters, the anatomy and physiology of bacteria, fungi and yeasts, and viruses, together with a survey of the characters of individual members of these groups likely to be of importance to the applied field covered by this book. Additional information is provided about more rapid methods for detecting bacteria. The final chapter in this section (Chapter 4) considers the principles of microbial pathogenicity and epidemiology. 

Moulds and yeasts show varying responses to biocides. These organisms are often important in the pharmaceutical context because they may cause spoilage of formulated products. Various types of protozoa are potentially pathogenic and inactivation by biocides may be problematic. Viral response to biocides depends upon the type and structure of the virus particle and on the nature of the biocide. 

In pathogen research, yeast has been particularly well studied, in part because the genome sequence is available, and all the predicted coding regions can be dis-... 

However, in case of acute clinical mastitis, it is widely accepted that animal welfare considerations should take prevalence. If both farmer and veterinarian are not familiar with non-antibiotic treatments, they should be advised to use broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately, because any delay (e.g. the 2-3 days it often takes between diagnosis and the return of microbiological test results) may seriously harm the animal. This approach should, however, only be taken after a sound clinical diagnosis, since antibiotic treatments themselves may lead to dramatic aggravation of the condition. For example, E. coli inflammations are able to develop into severe toxaemia, because increased levels of toxins are released into the animal tissues when E. coli cells are killed or stressed by antibiotic treatments. Also, if yeasts are the main cause or form part of the pathogen complex that causes mastitis, their growth and proliferation may be supported by the administration of anti-bacterial antibiotics (Crawshaw et al., 2005). 

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