United States Patent

U.S. Patents. This file, produced by Derwent, Inc., covers U.S. patents from 1971 to the present. The database iacludes all bibliographic and front page information and the text of all claims. (Prom 1971 to 1974 the claims from many patents were not available from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) source tapes, and therefore are not iacluded.) The complete cl aim text can be searched from 1971 but can be ptinted only from 1982. Tides and patentee names are present ia their original form, aeither expanded nor standardized. There is no enhanced iadexiag. Examiner citations are directly searchable, and USPTO classification is updated when the tapes are received from the Patent Office. 

Apart from the technical classification information, E, the front page of the patent also contains a listing of pubHcations or references cited during examination, G, including "United States Patent Documents," "Eoreign Patent Documents," and "Other PubHcations" such as trade Hterature, journal articles, and product descriptions. 

The final section of an issued patent is the claims, S. A United States patent is requited bylaw to have at least one claim. The claims lepiesent the legal definition and boundaries of the rights resulting from the patent grant. Patent claims are analogous to the legal description which one might find on a tide to real estate. 

Fig. 3. Timeline for examination in the United States Patent Office.

Issuance of a United States patent transforms a patent appHcant into a patentee, and new concerns may arise relevant to management. For example, the patent should be reviewed to determine formal and substantive correctness. An audit should be taken regularly to determine whether there is a continuing justification to pay the maintenance fees required to keep the patent in force during its effective period. The patentee or patent assignee may have to address concerns of patent infringement or patent vaHdity. 

United States Patent and Trademark Office, Guide for the Preparation of Patent Drawings, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1993. 

Prior to 1890, formaldehyde was not commercially available [2]. Thus the first phenol-formaldehyde resins were made using formaldehyde equivalents such as methylene diacetate or methylal [2,20]. The first true phenol-formaldehyde resin was made by Kleeberg at the direction of Emil Fisher in 1891 [2,21]. Saliginen (o-hydroxymethyl phenol) was recognized as a condensation product of phenol and formaldehyde in 1894 and was the subject of United States patents in 1894 and 1896 [22,23]. 

United States patent USP 2,605,253, assigned to Rohm and Haas Co., 1950. 

McCaskey, H.O. Jr., United States patent USP 4,123,579. Resin coated substrate using a short-set, high-flow melamine-formaldehyde impregnating resin. Assigned to Westing-house Electric Corp., 1978. 

Breyer, R.A., Hollis, S.G. and Jural, J.J., United States patent USP 5,681,917. Low mole ratio melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin. Assigned to Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc., 1997. 

Clarke, M., Steiner, P.R. and Anderson, A.W., United States patent USP 4,824,896. Phenol formaldehyde adhesives for bonding wood pieces of high moisture content and composite board and veneers bonded with such adhesive. Assigned to the inventors, 1989. 

Pizzi, A., Roll, W. and Dombo, B., United States patent USP 5,532,330. Heat-curable tannin-based binding agents. Assigned to Rutgerswerke AG, 1996. 

Grimes, D.L., Application of Structural Adhesives in Air Vehicles. Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Paris, 1958. Lockshaw, J.J. et al., United States Patent 5,273,806, Structural Element with Interlocking Ribbing, United States Patent Office, 1993. 

Perry L. Spencer (United States) patents the first microwave oven. 

The development of positive displacement downhole motors began in the late 1950s. The initial development was the result of a United States patent filed by W. Clark in 1957. This downhole motor was based on the original work of a French engineer, Rene Monineau, and is classified as a helimotor. The motor is actuated by drilling mud pumped from the surface. There are two other types of positive displacement motors that have been used, or are at present in use today the vane motor and the reciprocating motor. However, by far the most widely used positive displacement motor is the helimotor [79,83]. 

United States Patent 4,767,628 assigned to Imperial Chemical Industries describes a similar lactide/glycolide delivery system for LHRH polypeptide (122,123). A multiphase release pattern is again postulated. The first phase occurs by diffusion of drug through aqueous polypeptide domains linked to the exterior surface of the matrix. 

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