PATENTS, LITERATURE

In 1975, SAR studies involving actinonin investigated an analogue in which the orientation of the Pl -P2 amide bond was reversed (13), but the compound was found to lack antibacterial activity. Since then, however, descriptions of some /i-aminohydroxamic acids and /i-amino-A-formyl-A-hydroxylamines as PDF inhibitors have appeared in the patent literature. Patent applications from Senju [97] and De Novo [98] pharmaceuticals cover Pl -P2 amides (14), ureas (15, 16) and sulfonamides (17). 

Finally, new developments in zeolite catalyst and adsorbent manufacture will be outlined in the form of a survey of recent open and patent literature. Patents are extensively cited as reference materials for this chapter however no effort is made to identify specific manufacturing techniques actually used by any particular company to manufacture zeolites or any catalytic or adsorbent products. This is because there is no way to determine whether manufacturing patents are practiced as is or whether further refinements have been accomplished subsequent to the filing of the patents that may be held by specific companies as trade secrets. 

Once the process criteria have been identified various strategies can be followed to obtain the biocatalyst for the desired biotiansformation. Most commonly, first a literature, patent and electronic media search is performed ( database mining ) in order to find established biocatalysts that are known to catalyze the desired reaction or that catalyze a reaction that is similar to it (see 5.3.2). Databases that are becoming... 

Literature coverage is thought to be reasonably complete through 1983. Because the patent literature is less accessible than the open journal literature, patent coverage may not be complete beyond 1982. 

As pointed out in the introduction, because of the ease with which the carbonyl group can be chemically modified, the polyketones should be excellent starting materials for the synthesis of other classes of functionalized polymers. Indeed, a large number of derivatives of the C2H4—CO copolymer has been prepared and, not surprisingly, the vast majority of these are described in the patent literature. Patents concerning the use of these derivatives in polymer blends have also appeared but these are outside the scope of this review. 

Literature Patent Holder Catalyst Temperature (°C) H2 Pressure (MPa) Space-Time yield (m3 oil/h x m3 reactor vol.) End Iodine Value (g I2/100 g product) Feedstock... 

A great quantity of information about polyolefins MWD and the possibilities for its regulation is available from literature, patents and from practical experience, both in the laboratory and in industrial production. However, even when the cases are limited to the most simple and common methods, the theoretical interpretation of the results is still uncertain and inconclusive. Indeed one often finds in the literature that the principles for obtaining broad MWDs are not yet exactly known or, as also Boor states Beyond recognizing that soluble catalysts lead to narrower MWD than obtained with heterogeneous catalysts, not much else of significant importance has been reported on the control of MWD . 

This book has been developed primarily from my experiences at Bristol-Myers Squibb. The principles discussed are illustrated by examples from the chemical literature, patents, and my personal experience in the laboratory, pilot plants, and manufacturing plants. Many of the guidelines for implementing processes on scale (Chapter 14) were developed by the New Brunswick staff of BMS, and the thoughts there represent many collective years of experience. 

Patent Literature. Patent literature is highly valuable. Some dye factories have highly skilled specialists who do nothing but search through available patent literature. 

The summary of the invention presents the kind of patent that lies in hand, for example, a utility one dealing with compositions of matter, and shows that the invention possesses novelty. It indicates that the patent is directed to chemical compounds as drugs and names their broad structural class. The summary also specifies the diseases that the compounds prevent or treat and mentions methods of meiking and using them. Compared to summaries from the chemical literature, patent summaries can be insubstantial many convey few particulars of the invention, which appear in the detailed description instead. 

Chemical Abstracts Service/STN International The most comprehensive collection of national and international scientific and technical databases for the chemist. Maintained by the American Chemical Society. Covers literature, patents, CAS registries, and databases. Hundreds of scientific databases, nearly 20 million abstracts, search engines, including SciFinder. http-.jHnfo.cas.orghttp Istneasy.cas.org... 

Most in-house conpany information systems will provide some conputerised aids to help chanists with these types of problem, mainly falling into one of two classes. Firstly, text searching facilities on the general literature, patent... 

Relatively small amounts of the reactive quat exchanged onto the montmorillonite provided a dramatic increase in rubber toughness when compared to the montmorillonite-rubber composite without the quat. There are many more examples in the literature (patents and articles) that echo the above theme. When montmorillonite is properly intercalated or exfoliated into rubber, the modulus, percent elongation to failure, and tensile strength increase significantly as a function of increasing montmorillonite concentration in the rubber. The result is a dramatic increase in the toughness of the rubber-montmorillonite composite. 

Types of Thermoplastic Binder Investigating Organizations/Researdiers Literature/ Patents... 

Several excellent texts devote chapters to fluxes [105-108] and, although somewhat dated, one text [109] hsts many formulations from patent literature. Patents and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are additional sources of flux compositions however, it should be recalled that many suppliers keep their formulations proprietary. 

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