US Patent Office

Maikush structures are mainly used in patents, for protecting compounds related to an invention. The first generic claim, submitted by Markush, was granted in 1924 by the US Patent Office [87-90]. 

Anon, US Patent Office, Research Disclosure 294 081 (October 1988). 

The US Patent Office began its interest in agricultural matters in the 1830s. Eventually, an Agricultural Division was estabhshed in the Patent Office, and a chemical laboratory was funded in that division. ... 

Explosive Diode (One-Way Detonation and Transfer Device). A unitized device, called an "explosive diode , (US Patent Office... 

Extra" Dynamites (Amer). A trademark registered in the US Patent Office, owned exclusively by E.I. duPont de Nemours ... 

Nature NavOrd Rept NBSJR NC NDRC Rept NOra or NORD Rept OffGaz Off) Ohart(1946) ONRRR OpNav( Publications) Ordn OrgSynth(Voi year) Nature(London) Naval Ordnance Report National Bureau of Standards, Journal of Research (see JRNBS) Nitrocellulose (combined with SS in 1943) National Defense Research Council Report Naval Ordnance Report OffieialGazette, US Patent Office, Dept of Commerce, Washington 25,DC Official Tournal(British Patents) T.C.Ohart," Elements of Ammunition, Wiley, NY (1946) Office of Naval Research, Research Reviews Office of the Chief of Naval Operations(Publications), Washington,DC Ordnance, formerly ArOrdn "Organic Syntheses Wiley, NY, Coll Vols 1(1941), 2(1943), 3(1955) and individual vols 30(1950), 31(1951), 32(1952), 33(1953), 34(1954), 35(1955) 36(1956)... 

OfficialGazette, US Patent Office, Dept of Commerce, Washington 25,DC Official Joumal(British Patents)... 

Patent applications in the USA are not published before they are finally granted. As a consequence, attacking these patents is possible at any time thereafter by requesting re-examination by the US Patent Office or before a court. 

The desk top computer, via the Internet and such US compilations as delphion.com, or the various national patent office compilations, notably www.patent.gov.uk/, esp cenet and www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html/, provides access to patents, greatly aided in the author s case by the British Library paper and electronic systems. Patents provide useful literature references and access to the inventors basic thinking, right or wrong Patents, the author has found, are full of mistakes, inconsistencies and contradictions, which enable the reader to learn by comparison, and to sort out the quintessential information. See Appendix C, for an elementary patent search technique via the US Patent Office. 

Ballard Power Systems and FuelCell Energy (Doyon etah, 2003) were the top two revenue (not profit) earners of 2004. (Note, incidentally, that the spellings FuelCell Energy and QuestAir are essential to get information online from the likes of the US Patent Office.)... 

The reader can but keep in touch with the developments in the industry, using the means which this book points out, notably the US Patent Office and scholar.google. 

To overcome the main drawbacks of sPS (e.g. poor impact resistance) without impairing the other thermo-mechanical properties (e.g. modulus, heat distortion temperature) and solvent resistance, extensive research has been carried out by blending and compounding it with suitable polymeric and inorganic components. Several patents have been issued on polymer blends having sPS as a main component. Table 20.1 reports the most relevant of them published by the US Patent Office in the period 1985-2000. 

Coulter WH. Means for counting particles suspended in a fluid. US Patent 2,656,508, Oct 20, 1953. Washington DC US Patent Office. 

If a Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT, see below) filing is decided, the application can be filed by the applicant in the PCT Receiving Office of the US Patent Office. Decisions then have to be made shortly before 30 months after the initial filing date with regard to national filings, as described below in the section on PCT . 

The declaration of an interference can either be the result of an internal check at the US Patent Office of pending applications or as the result of provocation by an applicant. This occurs when the applicant sees a patent issue with overlapping subject matter based on an application filed by another within certain time limits. There does not have to be a complete overlap in allowable subject matter, merely some overlap. The applicant then copies claims from the patent for purposes of having an interference declared. As the Examiner must first determine that the applications contain otherwise allowable subject matter, interferences take place only at the end of the prosecution stage. 

For those deeply concerned about perimeter defense of their property, there is the Queen of Battle, artillery. A compressed air powered cannon is easily constructed. Building them is so simple that I ve seen them featured on the Junkyard Wars TV show. The bore size of the cannon can be chosen so that the common aluminum soda pop can will fit perfectly. This can, once loaded with an explosive charge, makes an efficient projectile. Air cannons easily propel a loaded soda can 100 yards or more. For details on building an air cannon, see US Patent 4,703,869. Your local library will gladly send for a copy of the patent upon your request. You can also read the body of the patent minus the drawings by going to the US patent office website, and typing in the patent number. 

Between 1953 and 1956, live patent applications on the discovery of polypropylene had been filed at the US Patent Office (Table 2.1). 

On 9 September 1958, ffie US Patent Office declared interference (a procedure carried out by US Patent law according to which the Board of Patent Appeals in the US Patent Office determines the priority of two or more inventions of identical or similar claim content with time overlap) between these five parties. Neither the parties nor the US Patent Office had considered including Karl Ziegler s patent rights in this proceeding. 

Hercules was eliminated from the interference in 1964 by the US Patent Office because of their late discovery and patent application date. Finally (it seemed), on 29 November 1971, the board finally awarded priority of invention to the senior party, Natta et al., and US Patent No. 3,715,344 was issued to Montedison on 6 February 1973. The defeated parties then appealed the decision with a Civil Action (US District Court of the District of Delaware, Civil Action 4319). In these 1980 hearings, it was concluded that Phillips was entitled to an invention date of no later than 27 January 1953. The district court also determined that Phillips had proved that Montedison had fraudulently withheld information from Patent Office examiners, and that this fraud was detrimental to Phillips case for priority of invention in the Patent Office . However, because of the conclusion that Phillips is entitied to priority on the basis of its constructive reduction to practice, the issue of Montedison s fraud would have no effect on Phiffips entitlement to priority. Therefore, the court found ffiat the crystalline polypropylene of the interference count was useful, novel, and non-obvious and therefore patentable to Phillips and... 

Table 2.1 PP patent filings at the US Patent Office between 1953 and 1956...

Ai a result of the procedures to handle divisional cases in the US Patent Office, they all contain the same examples though the claims (which are of interest to the community of those who patent) will be different. 

Union Carbide discovered X Y zeolites but it remained to Plank and Rosinski (1964, Mobil Oil) to apply these zeolites to clay or silica alumina-based FCC catalysts and thereby achieve a considerable boost to activity and selectivity. It is pleasing to note that Plank and Rosinski were introduced to the US patent office inventors Hall of Fame for this discovery (Figures 22-24) Table VI documents of history of FCC catalyst manufacture. 

---