Nuclear membranes

Kem-mehl, n. best grade of flour, firsts, -membran, /. nuclear membrane, -milch, /. buttermilk. 

Ubc6/Doa2 28 localized at the ER-membrane/nuclear envelope, involved in ERAD, degradation of MATa2... 

Radicals such as CCI3, produced during the oxidation of carbon tetrachloride, may induce lipid peroxidation and subsequent destruction of lipid membranes (Figure 8.3). Because of the critical nature of various cellular membranes (nuclear, mitochondrial, lysosomal, etc.), lipid peroxidation can be a pivotal event in cellular necrosis. 

The nucleus of the eukaryotic cell is separated from the cytoplasm by the double-membrane nuclear envelope, which provides a continuous boundary between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm, except where it is penetrated by nuclear pores, each of which is surrounded by a disklike structure, the nuclear pore complex. These pores serve an export-import function for an exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytosol. This is necessary in eukaryotic... 

AKAPs have been found in nearly every subcellular structure and organelle in the ER, the Golgi, in mitochondria, secretory granules, membranes, nuclear matrix, microtubules, and the centrosomes. 

In telophase, nuclei for each daughter cell form at the two poles, and the mitotic spindle apparatus disappears. Furthermore, nuclear membranes, nuclear lamina, nuclear pores, and nucleoli are reformed. The cell is now ready for cytokinesis, which is physical division of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm divides as actin/myosin filaments contract and pinch off the plasma membrane, which results in two daughter cells that enter into Go or Gi for another round of division. The main checkpoint that exists during M phase in mammalian cells is the spindle checkpoint it is in place to ensure proper microtubule assembly, proper cell division, and that each daughter cell receives one copy of DNA. 

The fall in MPF activity in telophase allows constitutive protein phosphatases to remove the regulatory phosphates from condensln, lamlns, nucleoporlns, and other nuclear membrane proteins, permitting the decondensation of chromosomes and the reassembly of the nuclear membrane, nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complexes. 

Phospholipid Endoplasmic reticulum Rough Smooth Mitochondrial membranes Inner Outer Lysosomal membrane Nuclear membrane Golgi membrane Plasma membrane... 

Figure 3. SFM images of plasma membrane nuclear region of primary AT T. leukemic cell (a) and relapse ALL leukemic cell (b).

Protocols lA and IB use detergents to achieve whole cell lysis of tissue culture cells and result in solubilization of the plasma membrane, nuclear and organelle membranes, and the cytoskeleton. Tissue samples can also be homogenized in buffers containing detergents using a Polytron homogenizer. 

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