Patent Citations

INPADOC (International Patent Documentation Center) is the most comprehensive tttbliographic database of scientific and technological patent documents in the world. The stock encompasses more than 26 miUion patent documents, more than 59 miUion legal status data, and about 10 million patent famihes (January, 2003). The database contains more than 35 milhon patent citations from 71 patent-issuing organizations (European Patent Office, World Intellectual Property Organization (WlPO)) and is updated weekly with about 40 000 new citations. 

PHARMSEARCH INPI Questel patents citation to French, European, and U.S. pharmaceutical patents... 

Patent Citation Index DIALOG, Questel—ORBIT, STN Derwent Information Ltd. international examiners and inventors citations of eadier references and later citing patents Derwent tide, bibhographic, and family information... 

A new initiative introduced by Derwent during 1995 is the Patents Citation Index, an on-line database of patent citations that includes both examiners citations and patentees citations to prior art from patent specifications. When given a known invention of interest, as represented by a patent family, the database can identify any patent against which it has been cited, as well as eadier patents cited by any member of that family. Limited citation... 

The avaHabHity of citation searching tools is on the increase. A citation database for U.S. patents was first built by Search Check, Inc., which coHected aH U.S. patent citations back to their first appearance on patent copies in 1947. This database was subsequentiy made avaHable for on-line... 

A useful classification of sensitizing dyes is the one adopted to describe patents in image technology. In Table 1, the Image Technology Patent Information System (ITPAIS), dye classes and representative patent citations from the ITPAIS file are Hsted as a function of significant dye class. From these citations it is clear that preferred sensitizers for silver haUdes are polymethine dyes (cyanine, merocyanine, etc), whereas other semiconductors have more evenly distributed citations. Zinc oxide, for example, is frequendy sensitized by xanthene dyes (qv) or triarylmethane dyes (see Triphenylmethane and related dyes) as well as cyanines and merocyanines (see Cyanine dyes). 

Patents Citation Index, 18 227, 238 Patent searches, 18 207-210. See also Patentability searches Patent information searches Patent specifications, searching of, 18 234 Patents Preview, 18 226, 236 PATFULL files, 18 247-248 pat gene, 13 360, 361t Pathogenic yeasts, 26 475-476 Patient package inserts (PPIs), 18 718 PATOLIS database, 18 248-249 Patternation, 23 194 of sprays, 23 187-188 Patternators, 23 188, 194 Pattern dental waxes, 8 296 Patterned electrodeposition, 9 811-832 Patterned impressions, in blood, 12 102 Pattern recognition examinations, 12 100-101... 

Table I. U. S. Patent Citations to Compounds Usable as Fuel Additives ...

Data obtained from Ethyl Corp. research laboratories file of machine-sorted punched cards. Each figure is total number of U. S. patent citations to compounds mentioned as serving that specific fuel-additive function. Since a given patent may cite several different compounds and some of these may serve several functions, these totals are larger than the number of separate patents. The actual number of separate patents identified as pertinent is 1879. 

A useful classification of sensitizing dyes is the one adopted to describe patents in image technology. In Table 1. the Image Technology Patent information System (ITPAIS). dye classes and representative patent citations from the ITPAIS file are listed as a function of significant dye class. 

The chemistry of these compounds was reviewed in 1992 J and again in 1995 i and there are numerous publications and patent citations in the literature from other laboratories that have employed these synthons a few examples are penally, the N-t-Boc-protected... 

Patents Citations Index—bibliographic and citation data, the Innovations index combined entries from WPI and PCI... 

The sulfonamides were discovered in Germany in the middle of the twentieth century subsequent to investigation of diazo dyes (7,8). There have been a number of structural modifications of sulfonamides producing numerous medicinal agents including antibiotics, thiazide diuretics and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (8). One modification of the sulfonamides involving the addition of indoline was responsible for the production of indapamide. The first patent and USA patent citations may be found in References 9 and 10, respectively. One of the first non-patent literature references to indapamide appeared in 1974 (II). 

Fig. 9 Mapping of 101 patent citations for functionalized PB. (View this art in color at www.dekker.com.)...

Biological Abstracts Reports, Reviews, Meetings 1989-. Philadelphia, PA BIOSIS. Quarterly. This is a companion to Biological Abstracts, providing worldwide coverage of nonjoinmal materials such as reviews, patent citations. 

Many recent applications of chemiluminescence enjoy the protection of patents and some of these applications have been commercialized, e.g., novel chemiluminescent compounds, detectors, and complete assay systems. It is not, however, the purpose of this article to focus on such commercialization and, in keeping with this precept, no patent citations will appear in the reference list. Because of space limitations, certain topics such as bioluminescence, electrochemiluminescence [recently reviewed by Greenway (G12)], and cellular chemiluminescence [see Stanley and Kricka (S41) for an update] will not be covered in this article. Even with the above omissions, it is difficult to provide a comprehensive review of all aspects of chemiluminescence, and one has to exercise a degree of selectivity. The focus will be on what is important in the field of clinical analysis, and an attempt will be made to cover the representative literature. 

Boughton system for isotopes, 259 description of contents, 410 guidelines for citing its abstracts, 185 types of indexes, 410 with patent citation, 202- 203 Chemical Abstracts Section Groupings,... 

Additional fields in the patent citation itself may be of some interest, such as the title of the patent and the names of the inventors. 

Commercial Development and Marketing Association (CDMA) The CDMA is the world s largest professional association dedicated to fostering, promoting, and sharing business for long-term growth in the chemical and allied industries, http //www.cdmaonline.org Community of Science, U.S. Patent citation database http //patents.cos.com Composites Fabricators Association (CFA) Provides composites education worldwide. http //www. cfa-hq.org... 

AB STRACT The paper reviews the basic principles, technical implementation of the hyperbolic tree, and its shortcomings in apphcation of patent analysis. And then, the paper designs and realizes three applications of the hyperbohc tree to visualize the patent data for improving the data utilization efficiency of the patent citations, patent families and patent claims. For the patent citation visualization, the user-concerned patent citations are added into the h)q)erbolic tree for display based on the users demands, and the tree hierarchy is not limited, which expends the applications of the hyperbolic tree in the patent citations. For the patent family visualization, the priority node and state mode are estabhshed, so that his users could quickly and easily access where the patent being does anal d have the family, what is the priority date, and which country the patent is from . For the patent claim visualization, the independent claims and the dependent claims are merged into the hyperbohc tree, thus the users could easily understand the contents of the independent claims and the dependent claims, and their dependencies. 

Figure 2. Patent citation hyperbolic tree of the patent number 7395421. 

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