Patents filing

The term of a patent depends on the date on which the appHcation for patent is filed with the U.S. PTO. Patents filed and issued before June 8,... 

Patent laws provide for several stages in the life of an application for a patent on an invention. The pattern followed by patent laws in effect in most industrialized countries during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and still in effect in the United States in 1995, calls for the examination of all patent appHcations to certify that the claimed invention meets the national standards for novelty, usehilness, and inventiveness. The owner of the technology to be patented files appHcation papers that include a specification containing a description of the invention to be patented (called the disclosure) and claims defining the limits of the invention to be protected by the patent, a formal request for the issuance of a patent, and fees. Drawings of devices and apparatuses, electrical circuits, flow charts, etc, are an important part of the disclosures of most nonchemical and many chemical patents. 

Full-Text Patent Databases. The LEXPAT database on the LEXIS— NEXIS system, the first commercially available full-text patent file, receives its greatest use from patent attorneys and has been relatively unused by other patent information speciaUsts. This may be attributed to search software that is quite different from the type familiar to information speciaUsts, no matter what their preferred host system. This situation has changed with dialog s release of the PATEULL files followed by STN s USPATEULL, both searchable by familiar Boolean techniques and featuring greater... 

The Chinese patent file with its abstracts can be used to supplement WPI, which at this writing has only tides for Chinese patents. JAPIO provides abstracts based ia particular oa pateat claims, and can help to clarify uncertainties with Japanese abstracts from Derwent and/or CA. PATOLIS, ia Japanese, is a unique source of Japanese legal status information (37). EPIDOS staff carry out PATOLIS searches on request for those with sufficient need to search the PATOLIS database, software is available to enable those who cannot read Japanese to extract key data. 

The production of vitreous siUca from chemical precursors was first described in patents filed in 1934, including a fabrication method in which fine, high purity powders were produced by decomposing silanes (39). Forms were then cast from aqueous sHps. More importantiy, a dame hydrolysis process which used SiCl as the chemical precursor was described (40). This latter approach led to a marked improvement in glass purity and served as the basis for the processes used in the 1990s to make synthetic vitreous siUca. 

The distribution of the products obtained from this reaction depends upon the reaction temperature (Figure 5.1-4) and differs from those of other poly(ethene) recycling reactions in that aromatics and alkenes are not formed in significant concentrations. Another significant difference is that this ionic liquid reaction occurs at temperatures as low as 90 °C, whereas conventional catalytic reactions require much higher temperatures, typically 300-1000 °C [100]. A patent filed for the Secretary of State for Defence (UK) has reported a similar cracking reaction for lower molecular weight hydrocarbons in chloroaluminate(III) ionic liquids [101]. An... 

The development of positive displacement downhole motors began in the late 1950s. The initial development was the result of a United States patent filed by W. Clark in 1957. This downhole motor was based on the original work of a French engineer, Rene Monineau, and is classified as a helimotor. The motor is actuated by drilling mud pumped from the surface. There are two other types of positive displacement motors that have been used, or are at present in use today the vane motor and the reciprocating motor. However, by far the most widely used positive displacement motor is the helimotor [79,83]. 

Puskas, J.E., Ebied, A., and Lamperd, B. Less Lethal Ammunition for Peace Keeping. US Patent filed (provisional 2003, final 2004). 

Noteable are recent studies on the generation of polymer particles as carriers for controlled drug release [333] and of cationic solid lipid micro-particles as synthetic carriers for the targeted delivery of macromolecules to phagocytic antigen-presenting cells [334]. The industrial interest, although rarely disclosed, is evident from the patents filed in the field (see, e.g., [335, 336]). 

A patent file history, also called a file wrapper, is the complete set of documents for a patent filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. These papers chronicle communications and actions taken by the patent examiner, the applicant, and the applicant s attorney from the time of patent application to issue. File histories are available from commercial services such as Intellectual Property Network (described below). 

The chemical secret may be in the chemist s changes to the molecule, her process development efforts, or her new and successful application of an old technology. The information which records the success is secret a patent filing would be possible but may not be economically feasible. At this point,... 

The initial presentation [37] of convergently grown dendrimers was made in 1989 at the IUPAC Symposium on Macromolecules in Seoul, Korea. Here again, following initial patent filings, publication of the work was delayed very... 

New materials and/or processing techniques are being developed all the time in universities and research institutes. Most of these developments simply end up as a report in a trade magazine or technical journal. A subset may go for patent filing and eventually become a technology-push product. However, the probability of success is normally very low, the reason being that, without the guidance and support of a commercial firm, the project team can easily loose its sense of direction and commitment. 

According to Kienle [3], the early development work on alkyd resins was carried out between 1910 and 1915 in the laboratories of the General Electric Company. In particular, in a patent filed in 1912, Callahan [8] showed that the reaction between glycerol and phthalic anhydride should be carried out in two stages - first with the temperature being gradually raised to about 210 °C, and... 

The government, using these figures, estimated that the rate of patent filing would drop by one-third. They did not respond to the... 

Complete worldwide patent filings musf be reviewed and appropriate action taken to insure adequate protection for worldwide commercialization. 

In a tour deforce of detective work, Di Renzo et al. uncovered an obscure United States patent filed in 1969 and issued in 1971 to Chiola et al., describing a low-density silica. Reproduction of that patent resulted in a product having all of the properties of MCM-41 [75]. 

Paragraph 11 certification means a certification that a generic applicant seeks FDA approval of its ANDA for a relevant NDA for which a patent filed in the Orange Book has expired. 

---