Structure Searching in Patents

Berks AH, Barnard JM, O Hara MP. Markush structure searching in patents. In Schleyer PvR, Allinger NL, Clark T, GasteigerJ, Kollman PA, Schaefer HF, Schreiner PR, eds. The Encyclopedia of Computational Chemistry. Chichester John Wiley Sons, 1998 1552-1559. 

MARPAT. The MARPAT File is a Markush search service (see Markush Structure Searching in Patents). It contains the Markush structure records for patents found in the CA File with patent publication year 1988 to the present. The records contain the Markush structures found in the claims and often the disclosure of the patent, the bibliographic information, in-depth substance and subject indexing including CAS Registry Numbers, and an abstract, all of which are displayable. The structures are structure-searchable. CAS roles... 

Inorganic Chemistry Databases Internet Internet-based Computational Chemistry Tools Markush Structure Searching in Patents Online Databases in Chemistry Protein Data Bank (PDB) A Database of 3D Structural Information of Biological Macromolecules Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships in Drug Design Reaction Databases Spectroscopic Databases Structure Databases Synthesis Design. 

The descriptive power of Markush query formulation is used to greatest effect for chemical patent searching, in part because this syntax reflects that used in chemical structure diagrams embedded in the patent applications or the issued patent. See also Markush Structure Searching in Patents and Structure Representation,... 

The problem of poor retrieval precision, and the development of search systems based on unambiguous (complete) representations of the structure has led to the general demise of fragment codes as a primary representation of chemical structures, at least for specific compounds. However, hidden from the user they remain an important component of structure search systems, and a few user-visible fragment-code systems continue to be used in the handling of Markush structures from chenaical patents these are discussed in more detail in Markush Structure Searching in Patents. 

Diversity of Chemical Libraries Graph Theory in Chemistry Markush Structure Searching in Patents Nomenclature Searching Ring Perception Shape Analysis... 

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