Patent research

Patent medicine industry, 78 683 Patent office gazettes, printed, 78 210-211 Patent portfolio auditing, 78 185 compiling, 78 157 Patent protection, foreign, 78 191 Patent research, in fine chemical research and development, 77 425-426 Patents, 5 766 78 157-197. See also Foreign patents Invention Patentability Trade secrets article of manufacture category in, 78 166... 

Literature and Patent Research. An efficient literature and patent search capacity has to be made available. Patent research is particularly important for evaluation of the feasibility of taking up R D for new APIs-for-generics. Provisions have to be made for a periodic examination of all acquired research results to determine whether applications for protective rights (patent) are indicated. 

Each patent is explained in one or two sentences and is completed by the most important illustrations. The illustrations of the screw geometries are clearer than lengthy descriptions of the geometries. Nevertheless, readers should analyze and evaluate the claims in the original patent documents thoroughly because much depends on the specific tasks or questions at hand. The list of patents makes no claims to be exhaustive. Even the most carefully planned patent researches may (unfortunately) overlook the odd patents. Complete documents of all cited patents can be obtained free of charge from the Internet site www.depatisnet.de. 

Keeping research results secret for a long time is hardly a realistic option for academic scientists. However, if it is intended to patent research work, it is essential to make this decision early and to keep an invention secret until its full potential has been explored. Publications of new results in short intervals and a later ad-hoc decision to file a patent application on the same subject will, at best, result in weak patents. In the worst case, premature publications by the inventor can render patent claims or the entire patent invalid. 

Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe (http //web.lexis-nexis. com/universe/) is a useful site for legal and government information on the internet. A separate section under Legal Research leads to Patent Research . Keyword searching of the Patents section is available, with an option to narrow fields by type of patent, etc. The Class section is searchable by patent number. The database covers patents back to 1971. Results are returned in HTML format, and pictures are (currently) not available. 

Harvard retains patent, Researchers can publish Hoechst can send up to 4 Hoechst has exclusive freely after a 30-day scientists per year to work... 

A. Lundgren, Vetenskap till vardags. En historia kring Xylocain (Stockholm Stiftelsen Bengt Lundquists minne, 1995). The expression patent research was actually used by the scientists involved. 

Patent quality analysis provides a means by which companies determine whether or not to customize and manufacmre innovative products. Thorough patent research is needed to estimate the quality of patent documents. Novel approach is developed to improve the analysis and ranking of patent quality [37]. 

Nameroff, T. J., Garant, R. J., Albert, M. B. Adoption of green chemistry An analysis based on US patents. Research Policy, 33 959-974, 2004. 

The synthesis of lapatinib involves a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of a (5-formylfuran-2-yl)boronic derivative and an aryl iodide and was studied in detail by several teams. " In a recent patent,researchers from Zentiva noticed that in their own attempts to use commercial boronic acid, the excess of this reagent required for optimal conversions and purity was dependent on the source (a common issue with boronic acids, which are often contaminated with anhydrides and borinic acid). Thus, they turned to cyclic boronic esters as a more reliable intermediate, allowing correct control of the amount of boron reagent. Transposition of a process originally developed for the coupling of (5-formylfuran-2-yl)boronic acid was successful. The authors compared... 

As defined by the U.S. Patent Office, a patent is the grant of a property right to the inventor and it may be for a design, a new or improved process, machine, or even for a plant. While there are very specific reasons to search patents, and to search carefully if there is interest in filing a patent, valuable information may be found in patents while doing research or trying to understand a product or process. Patent research is much easier now that there are options to search at no cost in relatively user-friendly Web sites. 

This comprises original publications in scientific journals or serials proceedings, in which the latest information and data are published for the first time. Primary literature includes dissertations and theses, journals, patents, conference proceedings, research reports, and preprints the latter three are often called gray literature). 

The reinaining five search topics (Research Topic, Author Name, Document Identifier, Company Namc/Organii ation, and Browse Table of Contents arc conducted in a similar fashion, with the input being the only difference between the criteria. Thus, in Research Topic" the entry can be any, or even several, keywords or phrases. In "Author Name", literature written by a specific author will be Found, including alternative spelling, Document Identifier" can also be entered directly in the query. Document identifiers arc CA abstract numbers, patent numbers, patent application numbers, or priority application numbers. The last two search topics (Company Name/Organi2ation, and Browse Table ofContents) allow one to search for literature from specific companies or to view the list of journals which are available in the database. 

Patents are important for companies to protect their research. In industry, novelties are first published in patents and nowhere else. This means that only up to 10% of the information contained in patents is available through other information systems. In addition, to avoid redundant investigations, companies can monitor the research of competitors and can claim new developments (products, compounds, etc.) on their own. 

The nitrile is described in a patent tChem. Abs.. 1955, 15963) the last stages were carried out by A. R. Battersby s research group at Cambridge. Chloromethylation is described in Tedder, Vol 2, p.213 and Norman P.372-3. 

Sol—Gel Sintered Aluminum Oxide. A new and much more versatile sintered alumina abrasive is now produced from aluminum monohydrate, with or without small additions of modifiers such as magnesia, by the sol—gel process (see Sol-gel technology). The first modified sol—gel abrasive on the market, Cubitron, was patented (27) and produced by the 3M Corporation for products such as coated belts and disks. The success of this material promoted intensive research into sol—gel abrasives. 

In 1954 the surface fluorination of polyethylene sheets by using a soHd CO2 cooled heat sink was patented (44). Later patents covered the fluorination of PVC (45) and polyethylene bottles (46). Studies of surface fluorination of polymer films have been reported (47). The fluorination of polyethylene powder was described (48) as a fiery intense reaction, which was finally controlled by dilution with an inert gas at reduced pressures. Direct fluorination of polymers was achieved in 1970 (8,49). More recently, surface fluorinations of poly(vinyl fluoride), polycarbonates, polystyrene, and poly(methyl methacrylate), and the surface fluorination of containers have been described (50,51). Partially fluorinated poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polyamides such as nylon have excellent soil release properties as well as high wettabiUty (52,53). The most advanced direct fluorination technology in the area of single-compound synthesis and synthesis of high performance fluids is currently practiced by 3M Co. of St. Paul, Minnesota, and by Exfluor Research Corp. of Austin, Texas. 

Also in 1972 (6), Carbomdum researchers described a family of aromatic copolyesters which were recognized later to form Hquid crystalline melts. The polymers are based on a bisphenol monomer. In 1976, in a patent assigned to Carbomndum, a hydroxybenzoic acid—terephthaHc acid—bisphenol system, modified and softened with isophthaHc acid, was reported to be melt spinnable to produce fiber. 

OG/PLUS USPTO Research PubHcations CD-ROM versioa of the USPTO Official Gazette covers 1990—preseat iacludes searchable subfiles PATENTS ISSUED, images of O.G. pages searchable by bibHographic fields and first page abstract PATENT STATUS Ede, track-iag post-issuance actions, eg, reexaminations, corrections and LITALERT, containing records of patent suits filed by U.S. District Courts with the USPTO updated monthly six disks/year... 

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