Water monitoring

MONITORING WATER CONCENTRATION IN ORGANIC SOLVENT WITH FLUORESCENT DYES IN A SOL-GEL MEMBRANE... 

Obtaining of data concerning the chemical composition of water is critical significance for monitoring water reservoirs and forecasting the quality of drinking water from different water supply sources. A dry residue is commonly used with the methods AAS, ICP-AES, ICP-MS (analysis of liquid) widely applied for determination of water composition. So it is vital to create a standard sample of the composition of dry residue of ultra-fresh Lake Baikal water, its development launched since 1992 at the Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS. 

Monitor water routinely for pH excursions in all large cooling systems. 

Since the reliability of gas turbines in the power industry has been lower than desired in recent years because of hot-corrosion problems, techniques have been developed to detect and control the parameters that cause these problems. By monitoring the water content and corrosive contaminant in the fuel line, any changes in fuel quality can be noted and corrective measures initiated. The concept here is that Na contaminants in the fuel are caused from external sources such as seawater thus, by monitoring water content, Na content is automatically being monitored. This on-line technique is adequate for lighter distillate fuels. For heavier fuels, a more complete analysis of the fuel should be carried out at least once a month using the batch-type system. The data should be input directly to the computer. The water and corrosion detecting systems also operate in conjunction with the batch analysis for the heavier fuels. 

Table 10.9 Selected British Standard methods for monitoring water quality ...

A common laboratory technique for determining the concentration of a solute is titration (Fig. L.2). Titrations are usually either acid-base titrations, in which an acid reacts with a base, or redox titrations, in which the reaction is between a reducing agent and an oxidizing agent. Titrations are widely used to monitor water purity and blood composition and for quality control in the food industry. 

Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Microscopy to Monitor Water Absorption... 

Most of the continuously monitored water contaminants are determined via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). However, an adequate separation of polar compounds via GC typically requires derivatization of the polar moieties (e.g., BSTFA derivatives). In addition to this, as the analyte groups show different properties concerning the number and kind of functional groups, it is quite difficult to develop a universal derivatization procedure suitable for all the target analytes. Furthermore, the presence in wastewater of many other organic compounds requires the use of labeled standards, which can make application of this method unfeasible [35]. 

Radiation Detection Equipment for Monitoring Water Assets... 

An active fire protection system requires some action to occur before it functions per its design intent. This action may be taken by either a person or control system. Examples of active fire protection systems are monitors, water spray systems, foam systems, emergency isolation valves, and ESD systems. 

Sufficient sectional block valves should be provided so that sections of the underground system can be taken out of service for repairs without undue interruption of the fire water protection. For example, the sectional block valves should be located so that a combination of no more than five resources, such as hydrants, monitors, water spray systems, etc. would be out-of-service at any given time. Sectional block valves should be provided at no more than 800 ft (243 m) intervals for long runs of pipe. 

Zwart, D. Monitoring Water Quality in the Future Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, Department for International Relations The Netherlands. Vol. 3 Biomonitoring,... 

Sampling procedures to monitor water quality and the operation of the equipment... 

Greer, C., Masson, L., Comeau, Y., Brousseau, R. Samson, R. (1993). Application of molecular biology techniques for isolating and monitoring. Water Pollution Research Journal of Canada, 28, 275-87. 

F. Monitoring Impurities. Because of cost and complexity, the automatic monitoring of the glove box atmosphere is not common in academic laboratories, but some industrial and many atomic energy installations employ continuous monitoring. Water is easier to measure than oxygen and fairly simple mois-... 

Water is highly polar. Its penetration in a polymer induces an increase of both components e and e" of the complex dielectric constant (Chapter 6), an increase of the conductivity and a decrease of the dielectric strength. Microdielectric sensors can be used to monitor water diffusion in thick samples, especially in composites (Kranbuehl, 2000). 

Ruck, J.G., Martin, M. and Mabon, M. (2000) Evaluation of Toxkits as methods for monitoring water quality in New Zealand, in G. Persoone, C. Janssen and W.M. De Coen (eds.), New Microbiotests for Routine Toxicity Screening and Biomonitoring, Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 103-119. 

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