Drinking water monitoring

FL Drinking water monitoring for unregulated contaminants (2,3,7,8-TCDD) Yes... 

As it is neither physically nor economically feasible to test for all chemical constituents in drinking-water, monitoring efforts and resources should be carefully planned and directed at significant or key parameters. 

Unless there is strong evidence that particular chemicals are currently found or will be found in the near future, at levels that may compromise the health of a significant proportion of the population, the inclusion of those chemicals in drinking-water monitoring programmes is not justified, particularly where resources are limited. It is often more effective to maintain an ongoing programme of pollution control and risk assessment in the catchment,... 

The recent published reports on drinking water monitoring for pesticides in England and Wales published by the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) showed that the drinking water standards was exceeded by 23 individual pesticides in 1996, 15 in 1997 and 12 in 1998. Among herbicides, the maximum detected levels was 0.21pg/l for attazine, 0.2 pg/1 for diuron, 0.13 pg/ 1 for isoproturon and 0.14 pg/1 for simazine in 1997-... 

Table 1.1 Primary Drinking Water Monitoring Requirements for Inorganics...

Table 1.4 Secondary Drinking Water Monitoring Requirements...

Keywords Drinking water Monitoring Polyfluorinated chemicals Water treatment... 

The Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water by Liquid Extraction US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, 9 Sept. 1977. 

All the PMBs are Hsted on the U.S. EPA s Toxic Substances Control Act NonConfidential Chemical Substances Inventory (Table 8). In the early to mid-1980s, pseudocumene, mesitylene, hemimellitene, and trimethylbenzene were coveted by TSCA Section 8(a) Preliminary Assessment Information Rule (PAIR) reporting requirements (22) and by TSCA Section 8(d) for health and safety data (23). Mesitylene is the subject of a test rule subacute oral toxicity and subchtonic oral toxicity in tats were underway in 1994 (24). The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) allows monitoring for pseudocumene and mesitylene at the discretion of the State (25). Of the PMBs, only pseudocumene is subject to SARA Tide III section 313 annual release reporting (26). 

Various methods for the glc monitoring of EPA Consent Decree Priority PoUutants in water have been described (36) (see Regulatory agencies). The deterrnination of organic poUutants in water by glc and ms methods has also been detailed (37,38). Nonvolatile organic compounds in drinking water have been determined by hplc (39) (see Water, pollution). 

Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water (Sampling Analysis, Monitoring and Compliance), U.S. Envkonmental Piotection Agency, EPA/570/9-83-002, Washington, D.C., 1983. 

The metliod developed enables effieient mattix management. Applieation to natural and drinking water samples appeared very promising for future pestieides monitoring. 

Obtaining of data concerning the chemical composition of water is critical significance for monitoring water reservoirs and forecasting the quality of drinking water from different water supply sources. A dry residue is commonly used with the methods AAS, ICP-AES, ICP-MS (analysis of liquid) widely applied for determination of water composition. So it is vital to create a standard sample of the composition of dry residue of ultra-fresh Lake Baikal water, its development launched since 1992 at the Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS. 

In 1980 the Drinking Water Directive was introduced, which specified a maximum limit of 0.1 /rgU for any pesticide in drinking water and 0.5 /rgU for total pesticides. Monitoring was needed for a wide range of pesticides in water and this became the impetus for developing new analytical techniques capable of detecting pesticides at very low levels. Consequently, analytical techniques improved and more pesticides were detected in watercourses and water supplies. 

The heat stress plan at Site F detailed methods for monitoring workers heart rate and oral temperature, but did not designate the personnel responsible for performing sueh monitoring, nor did it inelude information about the availability or loeation of instruments for aetually monitoring sueh parameters. In addition, the plan did not identify or diseuss the loeation and availability of drinking water. 

WHO/UNICEF (2008) Progress in drinking-water and sanitation special focus on sanitation. Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation update report. Available at http //www.wssinfo.org/en/40 MDG2008.html (June 2009)... 

Brass HJ, Feige MA, Halloran T, et al. 1977. The national organic monitoring survey Sampling and analyses for purgeable organic compounds. In Pojasek RB, ed. Drinking Water Quality Enhancement Source Protection. Ann Arbor, Ml Arm Arbor Science, 393-416. 

---