Baikal, Lake

REFERENCE SAMPLE OF LAKE BAIKAL WATER DRY RESIDUE. THE STATUS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT... 

Obtaining of data concerning the chemical composition of water is critical significance for monitoring water reservoirs and forecasting the quality of drinking water from different water supply sources. A dry residue is commonly used with the methods AAS, ICP-AES, ICP-MS (analysis of liquid) widely applied for determination of water composition. So it is vital to create a standard sample of the composition of dry residue of ultra-fresh Lake Baikal water, its development launched since 1992 at the Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS. 

More than half of this is in the four largest lakes Baikal 26000 Tanganyika 20000 Nyassa 13000 and Superior 12000 km ... 

Hampton SE, Izmest eva LR, Moore MV, Katz SL, Dennis B, Silow EA (2008) Sixty years of environmental change in the world s largest freshwater lake - Lake Baikal, Siberia. Global Change Biol 14 1947-1958... 

Finally, an investigation of total DDT levels in seal (Phoca sibirica) from Lake Baikal, Russia (the largest lake in the world), during the 1990s showed substantial levels with evidence of strong biomagnification in this aquatic food chain (Lebedev et al. 1998). 

Lebedev, A.T, Poliakova, O.V., and Karakhanova, N.K. et al. (1998). The contamination of birds with pollutants in the Lake Baikal region. Science of the Total Environment 212, 153-162. 

Kucklick JR, HR Harvey, PH Ostrom, NE Ostrom, JE Baker (1996) Organochlorine dynamics in the pelagic food web of Lake Baikal. Anal Chim Acta 15 1388-1400. 

Table 2.3 shows how dirty the Volga is. This is the river most contaminated by stable OCPs in Russia. Pesticides are present almost constantly in the water, bottom sediment, and hydro organisms of the downstream Volga and its deltas, and pesticide content sometimes exceeds MPC by a factor of thousands [1]. In Lake Baikal, the largest fresh water reservoir in the world, DDT content has also reached dangerous levels. According to 1988 data, 254... 

Another example is Lake Baikal, where the water is cleaner than other bodies of water. In this case, the bioaccumulation coefficient for DDT in the water => zooplankton => fish => seal chain exceeded one million (Table 4.2). 

Bobovnikova T.I., Dibtseva A.V., Malakhov S.G. et al. The Accumulation of Chlororganic Pesticides and Polychlorbiphenyls in the Hydrobionts of Lake Baikal / / Influence of Human Activities on the Baltic Ecosystem Proc. of the Soviet-Swedish Symp. Leningrad, 1989. P.130-136. 

Watanabe, I., S. Tanabe, M. Amano, N. Miyazaki, E.A. Petrov, and R. Tatsukawa. 1998. Age-dependent accumulation of heavy metals in Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica) from the Lake Baikal. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 35 518-526. 

Lake water Siberia, Lake Baikal, summer 1992-93 Total mercury 0.14-0.77 14... 

Muscle Baikal seal, Phoca sibirica Lake Baikal Russia 1992 0.14 FW 0.51 DW 145... 

Meuleman, C., M. Leermakers, and W. Baeyens. 1995. Mercury speciation in Lake Baikal. Water Air Soil Pollut. 80 539-551. 

Baikal seal, Phoca sibirica-, Lake Baikal 1992 ... 

FRESHWATER, in g/L Lake Baikal, Siberia June 1991 dissolved vs. particulate ... 

Muscle Baikal seal, Phoca siberica-, Lake Baikal, Siberia June 20 (10-30) FW 72... 

Baikal seal, Phoca sibirica Lake Baikal, Siberia blubber May June 1992 Males immature vs. mature Total PCBs PCB 77 PCB 126 PCB 169 PCB 105 PCB 118 PCB 156 PCB 137 PCB 138 PCB 153 PCB 180... 

Bering Sea, August 1988 Walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogrammus, whole Lake Baikal, Russia, June 1991 0.013 FW 7... 

Lake Baikal, Russia, June 1991 Baikal seal, Phoca sibirica, blubber 2.3 (2.2—2.3) LW 5... 

McConnell, L.L., J.R. Kucklick, T.F. Bidleman, and M.D. Walla. 1993. Long-range atmospheric transport to Lake Baikal. Chemosphere 27 2027-2036. 

EdlundM,Sto cmQxE,Tay oxC. Aulacoseiraskvortzowiisp.nov.(Bacillariophyta), a poorly understood diatom from Lake Baikal, Russia. J Phycol 1996 32 165-175. 

Many of Russia s major oil pipelines parallel gas lines. A trunk oil line runs eastward from the Volga-Ural fields to Irkutsk on Lake Baikal, westward from those fields into Ukraine and Latvia, and southwest to connect with the North Caucasus oil... 

Katzenberg, M.A. and Weber, A. (1999). Stable isotope ecology and palaeodiet in the Lake Baikal region of Siberia. Journal of Archaeological Science 26 651-659. 

The data in Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and of the Swedish lakes were measured only in surface waters. The Swedish lakes are in crystalline area and have somewhat lower pH values. In these lakes and in Lake Baikal there is no CaC03 precipitation. 

Combinations of mineral reactions at lower temperatures and mixing with more dilute fluids are likely to result in the variations in concentration and isotopic composition in many of the continental thermal spring waters but not seen in their marine relatives. The extreme manifestation of this difference may have been generated in the dilute hot spring waters from around Lake Baikal, whose heavy isotopic compositions required extensive re-equilibration at temperatures 100-150°C (Falkner et al. 1997). 

Falkner KK, Church M, Measures Cl, LeBaron G, Thouron D, Jeandel C, Stordal MC, Gill GA, Mortlock R, Froelich P, Chan LH (1997) Minor and trace element chemistry of Lake Baikal, its tributaries, and surrounding hot springs. Limnol Oceanogr 42 329-345... 

Atmospheric conditions over the sampling site were variable, and several different air masses passed by- On 16 March the weather map of the northern hemisphere shows two high pressures, one over Lake Baikal and the other over South Korea, so that the sampling site was just in between the air was calm, cloudy, and conducive for pollutants to build up. Later the north high pressure moved southwards. By midday of 17 March the sampling site was dominated by high pressure. At that time air flow over the site was mainly from the northwest, the wind speed was 3 meters/second, and the water vapor content was very low. The sky was clear, and vertical dilution was effective. 

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