Drinking water quality monitoring

Brass HJ, Feige MA, Halloran T, et al. 1977. The national organic monitoring survey Sampling and analyses for purgeable organic compounds. In Pojasek RB, ed. Drinking Water Quality Enhancement Source Protection. Ann Arbor, Ml Arm Arbor Science, 393-416. 

In 1966 and 1967, when the use of endrin was not restricted, endrin was detected in 5 of 67 raw water samples from the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers (Schafer et al. 1969). At a later time when endrin use was substantially restricted, an Iowa study of 33 community water supplies using surface water found no detectable concentrations of endrin in the distribution systems (Wnuk et al. 1987). In an extensive water quality monitoring program conducted by the California Department of Health Services, endrin was detected (detection limit not specified) in only 2 of 5,109 public drinking water sources sampled from 1984 to 1992, at mean and maximum concentrations of 0.06 and 0.10 ppb, respectively (Storm 1994). Concentrations did not exceed the Maximum Concentration Level (MCL) of 0.2 ppb. In another recent study, endrin was not detected (detection limit not specified) in 32 samples each of raw water and highly treated reclaimed waste water undergoing evaluation as a possible supplement to raw water sources in San Diego, California (De Peyster et al. 1993). 

The Commission assesses the results of water quality monitoring against the standards in the Drinking Water Directive. After each reporting cycle the Commission produces a synthesis report, which summarizes the quality of drinking water and its improvement at a European level. The synthesis reports are available to the public (EU 2007). 

The drinking water quality shall be monitored and the results should be evaluated to establish a routine monitoring program. 

Detoxification methods, pesticide content of fish, environmental analytical and monitoring techniques. (4 Utilization of biomass, drinking water quality, organic contaminants in lakes and rivers, and effect of deforestation on carbon dioxide and oxygen content of air. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2005). Technologies and Techniques for Early Warning Systems to Monitor and Evaluate Drinking Water Quality State-of-the-Art Review. Office of Research and Development. National Homeland Security. Research Center, 2005 (http //www.mosselmonitor. nl/downloads/reportEW S120105.pdf). 

EPA, 2005. Technologies and techniques for early warning systems to monitor and evaluate drinking water quality A state-of-the-art review. US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water Office of Science and Technology. Health and Ecological Criteria Division, Report EPA/600/R-05/156, 236 pp. 

Clean and wholesome drinking water is of essential importance for any society. Therefore, water intended for human consumption is one of the most comprehensively regulated and monitored media in any country. In this section, an overview is given on the standards for drinking water quality which are laid down by the European Community (EC), by the US Federal Government and by the Word Health Organization (WHO). 

Extensive monitoring of drinking water quality from the public water supply in the Czech Republic showed the cadmium concentrations up to 200 p,g/l (geometric mean, 0.1 p.g/1). More than 60% of the 785 analyzed samples of the drinking water was below the tenth of the limit value for cadmium (5 p.g/1), and only 1.6% exceeded that value (National Institute of Public Health in Prague, 1997). 

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