Operational monitoring waters

Since the reliability of gas turbines in the power industry has been lower than desired in recent years because of hot-corrosion problems, techniques have been developed to detect and control the parameters that cause these problems. By monitoring the water content and corrosive contaminant in the fuel line, any changes in fuel quality can be noted and corrective measures initiated. The concept here is that Na contaminants in the fuel are caused from external sources such as seawater thus, by monitoring water content, Na content is automatically being monitored. This on-line technique is adequate for lighter distillate fuels. For heavier fuels, a more complete analysis of the fuel should be carried out at least once a month using the batch-type system. The data should be input directly to the computer. The water and corrosion detecting systems also operate in conjunction with the batch analysis for the heavier fuels. 

The use of appropriate instruments to monitor equipment operation and relevant process variables will detect, and provide warning of, undesirable excursions. Otherwise tliese can result in equipment failure or escape of chemicals, e.g. due to atmospheric venting, leakage or spillage. Instruments may facilitate automatic control, emergency action such as coolant or pressure relief or emergency shutdown, or the operation of water deluge systems. 

Stover, E. L., 1989, Coproduced Ground Water Treatment and Disposal Options during Hydrocarbon Recovery Operations Ground Water Monitoring Review, Winter, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 75-82. 

Sampling procedures to monitor water quality and the operation of the equipment... 

Deionization equipment should have proper size to allow frequent regeneration. A recirculation system should also be installed in the unit that approaches the rated flow of the deionization unit. Procedures should be written to ensure that all water treatment equipment is properly operated, monitored, maintained, and sanitized on a regular basis. 

NOTE There are no individual tests or information printouts that can actually improve upon a regular physical inspection of the cooling system and its immediate environment. Managing a cooling system today should incorporate a balance of traditional operational and water treatment service techniques, together with appropriate modern, microprocessor-based monitoring and control programs and equipment. 

Procedures for operating the water system and performing a routine monitoring program should be established based on the validation study. The procedures should be well documented, detail the function of each job, assign who is responsible for performing the work, and describe how the job is to be conducted. 

Guideline values applied to water quality Threshold chemicals with effects on health that vary widely (e.g. nitrate and fluoride) Compliance assessed through system assessment and operation monitoring (see GDWQ Chapter 4)... 

Operational monitoring involves planned observations or measurements to assess whether the critical components of a safe water supply are operating properly. If the components are operating properly collectively, the system should be able to meet water quality targets. 

In order to have confidence that the chain of supply is not only operating properly, but to confirm that water quality is being maintained and achieved, verification is required. Verification is the use of methods, procedures or tests, in addition to those used in operational monitoring, to determine whether the water safety plan complies with the stated objectives outlined in the water quality targets, or whether it needs to be modified and revalidated. 

Management procedures outline requirements in both normal operational situations and in incident situations where a loss of control of the system occurs. The management procedures should also outline practices and other supportive measures required to ensure optimal operation of the drinking-water system. Targets, assessment and operational monitoring provide information needed for the development of management procedures. 

Provide water-spray cooling of fire-exposed containers either by remote-operated monitors or water cannons or by mobile water cannons placed near the fire-exposed containers early in the fire, with fire-lighters then retreating to a safe distance. The time available to set up and aim mobile water cannons would depend on the size of the container, its design pressure, the size of relieving devices, and the volatihty of the contents. 

In case of significant chemical pressures from diffuse sources, die water body selected for operational monitoring must be representative of the occurrence of the diffuse pressures and of the relative risk of failure to achieve good surface water status. However, it should be taken into account that water bodies can only be grouped where the type and magnitude of pressure are similar. 

Small water bodies, <0.5 km (lakes) or <10 kiir river basin (rivers), do not need to be included in the operational monitoring unless they are of considerable importance for the total river basin so that chemical pressures would affect the major part of the river basin. 

Where surveillance monitoring indicates that the objectives set under Article 4 for a water body are not likely to be achieved and operational monitoring has not yet... 

Monitoring objective(s) Surveillance Monitoring Operational Monitoring Drinking Water Protected Area (DWPA) Monitoring... 

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