Chromatography gas, mass spectrometry and

The nitroparaftins have been determined by procedures such as fractionation, titration, colorimetry, kifrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography. The early analytical methods and uses of polynitroparaftins as analytical reagents have been reviewed (11). More recent quaHtative and quantitative methods have also been reviewed (83). 

Instrumentation for gas analysis has been reviewed by Lodding [144] and is also discussed in the biannual reviews by Murphy [145]. The most widely applied techniques of EGA have been mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. 

Hiserodt, R. et al.. Characterization of powdered turmeric by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/ Chromatogr. A, 740, 51, 1996.,... 

M.P. Colombini, F. Modugno, E. Ribechini, Chemical study of triterpenoid resinous materials in archaeological findings by means of direct exposure electron ionisation mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 20, 1787 1800 (2006). 

M. P. Colomhini, F. Modugno and E. Rihechini, Direct exposure electron ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques to study organic coatings on archaeological amphorae, J. Mass Spectrom., 40, 675 687 (2005). 

The mass spectrometry and Gas chromatography are the two powerful techniques that are used for this purpose. 

Kido et al. [6] determined basic organic compounds such as quinoline, acridine, aza-fluorene, and their N-oxides in marine sediments found in an industrial area. The sediments were extracted with benzene by using a continuous extractor for 12h. Hydrochloric acid solution (IN) was added to the benzene extracts, and the mixture was shaken for 5min the acid layer separated from the benzene layer was made alkaline by the addition of sodium hydroxide, and the alkaline aqueous solution was extracted with diethyl ether the ether extracts were then dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated with a Kuderna-Danish evaporator. The concentrations were separated and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. 

In a study of the formation and reactions of arynes at high temperatures. Fields and Meyerson plyrolyzed a thiophene solution of phthalic anhydride at 690° by mass spectrometry and gas chromatography they found benzene, naphthalene, benzo[b]thiophene, phenylthiophenes, bithienyls, thienothiophene 1, and naphthothiophene in the pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis of thiophene itself produced benzo-[Z lthiophene, thienothiophene 1, phenylthiophene, and bithienyl. The... 

Frangopol and Morariu have edited a seminar on procaine and related drugs, methods of analysis, and effects on cell membranes [29]. Items covered include studies on Romanian drugs by mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, quantitative and qualitative determination of procaine in biological samples, separation and quantitative thin layer chromatography determination of procaine... 

Pulchan, K., Abrajano, T.A., and Helleur, R.J. (1997) Characterization of tetramethylam-monium hydroxide thermochemolysis products of near-shore marine sediments using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 42, 135-150. 

M.T. Soderstrom, H. Bjork, V.M.A. Hakkinen, O. Kostiainen, M.-L. Kuitunen and M. Rautio, Identification of compounds relevant to the chemical weapons convention using selective gas chromatography detectors, gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in an international proficiency test, J. Chromatogr., A742, 191-203 (1996). 

R.M. Black, R.J. Clarke, R.W. Read and M.T.J. Reid, Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of chemical warfare samples, found to contain residues of the nerve agent sarin, sulfur mustard and their degradation products, J. Chromatogr., A, 662, 301-331 (1994). 

D.B. Cooper, R.W. Read, C.M. Timperley, N.H. Williams and R.M. Black, Identification of iso- and n -propylphosphonates using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, J. Chromatogr. A, 1040, 83-95 (2004). 

K.E. Goeringer and M.W. Ellzy, Analysis of alkylphosphonic acids in environmental waters by gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/matrix isolated Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, in Proc. 1994 ERDEC Sci. Conf. Chem. Biol. Def. Res., D.A. Berg (Ed.), National Technical Information Service, Springfield, 149-155 1996. 

In the course of IR pyrolysis, according to mass spectrometry and gas chromatography data, various gas products of destruction of PAN polymeric chain are present in the reaction chamber, including hydrocarbons such as ethylene and propylene [17, 18], These hydrocarbons provide the carbon source. Catalytic decompositions of hydrocarbons at high intensity IR-radiation in the presence of metallic Gd leads to the formation of carbon nanostructures such as observed bamboo-like CNT. It is well known that Ni, Co Fe have conventionally been used widely as metallic catalysts for high temperature pyrolysis of hydrocarbons. Recently bimetallic components was shown to be more effective than single metals as catalysts. Especially transition metals with addition of rare-earth metals such as Y, Ce, Tb, La and Ho [19]. In this work catalytic activity of single metallic Gd in the IR-pyrolysis of hydrocarbons are found by us for the first time. 

Weckhuysen and coworkers (Nijhuis et al., 2003) described equipment suitable for parallel Raman and UV-vis spectroscopic measurements. Openings on the opposite sides of a furnace allowed acquisition of Raman and UV-vis spectra through optical grade windows in a tubular quartz reactor. UV-vis spectra were recorded at 823 K. Gas-phase analysis was achieved with mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. A more advanced version of the design (Nijhuis et al., 2004) accommodates four optical fiber probes, placed at 10-mm vertical spacing along the tubular reactor. The temperature that the fibers can withstand is 973 K the reported spectra characterize samples at 823 K. 

Diaz-Maroto, M. C., Guchu, E., Castro-Vazquez, L., de Torres, C., Perez-Coello, M. S. (2008). Aroma active compounds of American oak Quercus alba) and Prench, Hungarian and Russian oak woods Quercus petraea) studied by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry. Flavour Fragr. J., 23, DOI 10.1002/ffj.l858. 

Recently Caire-Maurisier and Tranchani [160] examined thermal decomposition of nitroglycerine at 110°C using NMR, infra red and mass spectrometry and gas chromatography techniques. Mass spectrometry fragmentation suggested the formation of such fragments as NO", NO, CO, Co, CHjO . 

Let us consider now the catalytic performances of such alloys. Typical curves showing the evolution of reactants/products, analysed by mass spectrometry and gas chromatography, as a function of time are reported in Fig. 6, for the PdsPt95 alloy. 

Hydrogen iodide prepared by the hydrolytic decomposition of PI3 has been analysed by mass spectrometry and gas chromatography 187 it was found to contain hydrocarbon, halogenocarbon, and other impurities. According to Lerner and Cagliostro,188 HBr and HI are approximately equally effective as flame inhibitors for the air-C3H8 system. 

In Part VI, Chapter 30 is now a general introduction to separations. It includes solvent extraction and precipitation methods, an introduction to chromatography, and a new section on solid-phase extraction. Chapter 31 contains new material on molecular mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Chapter 32 includes new sections on affinity chromatography and chiral chromatography. A section on LC/MS has been added. A new Chapter 33, Miscellaneous Separation Methods, has been included. It introduces capillary electrophoresis and field-flow fractionation. 

Kim, Y, Lee, Y., Kim, M., Yim, Y.-H. and Lee, W. (2000b). Determination of the metabohtes of gestrinone in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography, hquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.. 14, 1717-1726. 

Gremm, T.J. and F.H. Frimmel. 1994. Application of liquid chromatography-particle beam mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the identification of metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chromatographia 38 781-788. 

DJ Burinsky, R Dunphy, AR Oyler, CJ Shaw, ML Cotter. Characterization of a synthetic peptide impurity by fast-atom bombardment-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 81 597, 1992. 

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