Monitoring sites waters

In 1974, the Harmonized Monitoring Programme was set up by the Department of the Environment (DoE). The objective was to provide a network of sites at the lower end of catchments, where water quality data could be collected and analysed in a nationally consistent manner, allowing the loads of materials carried through river catchments into estuaries to be estimated and long-term trends in river quality to be assessed. The complete list of substances to be monitored is diverse and specifies about 115 substances. The pesticides aldrin, dieldrin, y-HCH, heptachlor, p,p -DDT and p,p -DDE are included. Figures 1 and 2 show the downward trend of y-HCH and dieldrin over the past 20 years at the Harmonized Monitoring Sites. This confirms that reductions in environmental concentrations have been achieved, particularly over the past 10 years. 

Worker eomfort areas ean be loeated in site work zones. These eomfort zones allow workers to take breaks and rest without being eontaminated. These areas are designed to maintain the safety of workers and generally require speeial proeedures for ingress and egress, personnel and air monitoring, potable water eonsumption, and restroom use [1],... 

Water systems. The water systems at ABC Pharmaceutical Industries are monitored per manufacturing site SOP for Microbiological Monitoring of Water. The levels of water tested are city water, purified water (deionized water), and water for injection (WFI). Manufacturing site SOP describes the procedures for obtaining samples, sampling frequencies, test procedures, and acceptance criteria (alert and action limits). 

Figure 10. Temporal patterns in lake-water N03, acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), base cations (Ca + + Mg2+ + Na+ + K+), S042, and inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al ) at Constable Pond, a long-term monitoring site in the Adirondack Mountains. Trend lines are shown for variables with significant trends (p < 0.10 in seasonal Kendall tau test). Seasonal pattern is typical of Adirondack lakes, with seasonal minima in ANC coincident with seasonal maxima in NOf and Ah. Many Adirondack lakes exhibited upward trends in N03 in the 1980s the primary increase was in episodic N03 concentrations.

Definitive data are obtained with rigorous analytical methods, such as EPA-approved methods or other standard analytical methods. For the data to be definitive, either analytical or total measurement error must be determined. Definitive data, which are analyte-specific and have a high degree of confidence in analyte identity and concentration, are used for decisions that have consequences for human health and the environment, such as site closure, risk assessment, and compliance monitoring of water effluents and air emissions. Definitive data may be generated at a field (mobile) laboratory or at an off-site (fixed-base) laboratory. 

On-site water-quality measurements are carried out predominantly to monitor effective purging of water at the sampling point before sample collection and to measure unstable parameters that cannot be subsequently reliably determined in the laboratory. On-site measurements can also be used to provide a check on a subsequent laboratory analysis. For example, provided that the on-site SEC is measured accurately, it can be compared with the SEC estimated from the laboratory chemical analysis by one of a number of geochemical programmes. This check can be useful for spotting major errors, such as dilution or typographical errors, as well as systematic errors in analytical methodology. 

Forsius M., Alveteg M., Jenkins A., Johanson M., Kleemola S., LukewiUe A., Posch M., Sverdrup H., and Walse C. (1997) MAGIC, SAFE, and SMART model applications at integrated monitoring sites effects of emission reduction scenarios. Water Air Soil Pollut. 105, 21 —30. 

Jeffries D., Clair T. A., Dillon P. J., PapineauM., and Stainton M. P. (1995) Trends in surface water acidification at ecological monitoring sites in Southeastern Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut. 85, 577-582. 

The N03- concentration in the surface waters of the Weiherbachgraben sub-basin are low at the sampling point in the vicinity of Dietwiller (D1 and D4 (26 and 44mgL 1 respectively)), compared with those at upstream and downstream sampling points (SLH, SLB, L) which varied between 50 and 60 mg L-1 NO3-. However, the water quality parameters were markedly different between the up and downstream monitoring sites (Figure 4.4.4, indicated by the dashed border). Sites D1 and D2 were... 

It is recommended to establish surveillance monitoring sites with fixed monitoring stations and automatic samplers allowing the collection of mixed samples. If not available, spot samples should be collected. Water level and flow should be recorded, as well as pH, conductivity and temperature. 

In case of transboundary waters, consultations about the proposed water body and surveillance monitoring sites should be held between the Member States involved. 

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