Hamster cells

Leukotrienes. Leukotrienes, products of the Hpoxygenase pathway, are generally less radioprotective than the PGs, with the exception of LTC4, which is among the most potent of the naturally occurring eicosanoids (214). LTC radioprotects V79 hamster cells in vitro and mouse CEU-S and... 

Bredinin, Neosidomycin, and SF-2140. Bredinin (62), isolated from the culture filtrates of Eupenicillium brefeldianum (1,4), inhibits the multiplication of L5178Y, HeLa S3, RK-13, mouse L-ceUs, and Chinese hamster cells. GMP can reverse the inhibition by (62), but (62) is not incorporated into the nucleic acids. The inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis and chromosomal damage in the S and G 2 phases that is caused by (62), is reversed by GMP. It blocks the conversion of IMP to XMP and XMP to GMP. In combination with GMP, (62) interferes with intracellular cAMP levels and thereby inhibits cell division. 

This implant containing live hamster cells was inserted into the spinal column of a patient for 17 weeks. After removal, the cells were still alive and secreting the hormone required to keep the patient healthy. 

Landry, J., Chretien, P., Laszio, A., Lambert, H. (1991). Phosphorylation of hsp27 during development and decay of thermotolerance in Chinese hamster cells. J. Cell Physiol. 147,93-101. 

Westra, A. Dewey, W.C. (1971). Variation in the sensitivity to heat shock during the cell cycle of Chinese hamster cells in vitro. Inti. J. Radiat. Biol. 19,461-417. 

Chen HH, Sirianni SR, Huang CC. 1982. Sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells treated with seventeen organophosphorus compounds in the presence of a metabolic activation system. Environ Mutagen 4 621-624. 

Sirianni SR, Huang CC. 1980. Comparison of induction of sister chromatid exchange, 8-azaguanine- and ouabain-resistant mutants by cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and l-(pyridyl-3)-3,3-dimethyltriazene in Chinese hamster cells cultured in diffusion chambers in mice. Carcinogenesis 1 353-355. 

Romert, L. and Jenssen, D. (1983). Rabbit alveolar macrophage-mediated mutagenesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in V79 Chinese hamster cells. Mutat. Res. Ill, 245-252. 

In mammalian test systems in vitro (Syrian or Chinese hamster cells), lead acetate gave conflicting results for structural chromosomal aberrations (Bauchinger and Schmid 1972 Robison et al. 1984). Lead... 

Another potential source of iron, at least for hepatocytes, is receptor-independent uptake of iron from transferrin. This appears to involve an iron uptake pathway from transferrin which is neither suppressed in hepatocytes by antibodies to TfR (Trinder et at, 1988), nor by transfection of HuH-7 hepatoma cells with transferrin receptor anti-sense cDNA (Trinder etat, 1996). The same pathway may also be utilized for iron uptake from isolated transferrin N-lobe, which is not recognized by the receptor (Thorstensen et at, 1995). The possible role of TfR2 in this process remains to be established, as does the physiological importance of this pathway in intact liver. Human melanoma cells (Richardson and Baker, 1994) and Chinese hamster cells lacking transferrin receptors but transfected with melanotransferrin (Kennard et at, 1995) use another pathway for transferrin iron uptake, independent of the transferrin receptor, but utilizing iron transfer from transferrin or simple iron chelates to membrane-anchored melanotransferrin, and from there onwards into the cellular interior. 

Williams, F. M. and W. F. Flintoff. Isolation of a human cDNA that complements a mutant hamster cell defective in methotrexate uptake. J. Biol. Chem. 1995, 270, 2987-2992. 

Murphy, F.R., Jorgensen, F.D., and Cantor, C.R. (1982) Kinetics of histone endocytosis in Chinese hamster cells. A flow cytofluorometric analysis./. Biol. Chem. 257, 1895. 

An increased frequency of sister chromatid exchanges was obtained in vivo in bone-marrow cells of male Swiss mice at intraperitoneal doses of 210 and 420 mg/kg (Parodi et al. 1982, 1983) and in vitro Chinese hamster cells (Abe and Sasaki 1977), although in the latter study, no chromosomal aberrations were observed. 

Abe, S., and M. Sasaki. 1977. Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells exposed to various chemicals. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58 1635-1641. 

DMT, TMT, DBT, TBT and DPhT chlorides exhibited in vitro spindle disturbance in V79 Chinese hamster cells of brain tubulin. The V79 cells lose stainable spindles at higher concentration. The cell mitosis activity effect at low concentration increased with the lipophilicity of the OTC, but all compounds showed a concentration dependence on microtubules. The OTC seem to act through two different cooperative mechanisms inhibition of microtubule assembly and interaction with hydrophobic sites. The latter mechanism might involve Cl/OH ion exchange28. 

Lee, Y.W., C. Pons, D.M. Tummolo, C.B. Klein, T.G. Rossman, and N.T. Christie. 1993. Mutagenicity of soluble and insoluble nickel compounds at the gpt locus in G12 Chinese hamster cells. Environ. Molec. Mutagen. 21 365-371. 

Sofuni, T. and M. Ishidate, Jr. 1988. Induction of chromosomal aberrations in active oxygen-generating systems. I. Effects of paraquat in Chinese hamster cells in culture. Mutation Res. 197 127-132. 

Jansson, K, and V. Jansson. 1991. Induction of mutation in V79 Chinese hamster cells by tetrahydroquinone, a metabolite of pentachlorophenol. Mutat. Res. 260 83-87. 

The incidence of ovarian tumors in mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits increased after 3 years of chronic irradiation at doses as low as 1.1 mGy daily (Lorenz et al. 1954). Unlike other tumors, the induction of ovarian tumors depended on a minimum total dose and seemed to be independent of a daily dose (Lorenz et al. 1954). Radiation-induced neoplastic transformation of hamster cells may be associated initially with changes in expression of the genes modifying cytoskeletal elements (Woloschak et al. 1990b). 

Weakley BS, Wehh P, James JL. Cytochemistry of the Golgi apparatus in developing ovarian germ cells of the Syrian hamster. Cell TissueRes 1981 220 349-372. 

Water-soluble nickel salts enter the cells with relative ease but are less effective than crystalline particulates in the cell transformation assay, when using hamster cells [429, 430]. However, an enhancement of viral transformation of cells has been found [431, 432], In addition, a synergistic effect of cigarette smoke extracts, benzo[a]pyrene and nickel sulphate on the morphological transformation of hamster embryo cells has also been obtained [433], It was suggested that nickel salts are more potent as promoters than they are as initiators [434],... 

Sister chromatide exchanges in Chinese hamster cells [261, 440] and in cultured human lymphocytes [441-443] have been found after nickel salt addition. 

Chinese Hamster Lines. Chinese hamster cell lines have given much valuable data over the past 15 years but their use for screening is limited by lack of sensitivity, because only a relatively small target cell population can be used, owing to metabolic co-operation (see Cole et al., 1990) however, they are still in use, so a brief description follows. 

Established cell lines, cell strains or primary cell cultures may be used. The most often used are Chinese hamster cell lines and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The merits of these two cell lines have been reported (Ishidate and Hamois, 1987 Kirkland and Gamer, 1987). The cell system must be validated and consistently sensitive to known clastogens. 

Bowden, G.T., Hsu, I.C., and Harris, C.C. (1979). The effect of caffeine on cytotoxicity, mutagenesis and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells treated with dihydrodiol epoxide derivatives of benzo(a)pyrene. Mutation Res. 63 361-370. 

Chu, E.H.Y. and Mailing, H.U. (1968). Mammalian cell genetics. II. Chemical induction of specific lucus mutations in Chinese hamster cells in vitro. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 61 1306-1312. 

Connell, J.R. and Medcalf, A.S. (1982). The induction of SCE and chromosomal aberrations with relation to specific base methylation of DNA in Chinese hamster cells by N-methyl-n-nitrosourea and dimethyl sulphate. Carcinogenesis 3 385-390. 

Ford, D.K. and Yerganian, G. (1958). Observations on the chromosomes of Chinese hamster cells in tissue culture. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 21 393-425. 

Bale SS. 1983. Cytological effects of Kepone on Chinese hamster cells. J Hered 74(2) 123-124. 

Gros, P, Croop, J., Roninson, I., Varshavsky, A. and Housman, D. Isolation and characterization of DNA sequences amplified in multidrug-resistant hamster cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83 337-341, 1986. 

Russo, I., A. R. Silver, A. P. Cuthbert, D. K. Griffin, D. A. Trott, and R. F. Newbold. 1998. A telomere-independent senescence mechanism is the sole barrier to Syrian hamster cell immortalization. Oncogene 17(26) 3417-26. 

V79 Chinese hamster cells Gene mutation + - Paschin and Bahitova 1982... 

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