Dosing intraperitoneal

Lethal dose, intravenous injection route (Smalley 1973) Lethal dose, intraperitoneal injection route (Smalley 1973) Lethal dose, oral administration route (Smalley 1973) Lethal dose, dermal route (Smalley 1973)... 

A simple example in this class with which to begin is A,A-diethyl-m-to-luamide 0V,/V-dicthyl-3-mcthylbenzamidc, DEET, 4.82), an extensively used topical insect repellant. The hydrolysis product 3-methylbenzoic acid was detected in the urine of rats dosed intraperitoneally or topically with DEET. However, amide hydrolysis represented only a minor pathway, the major metabolites resulting from methyl oxidation and A-dealkylation [52], Treatment of rats with /V,/V-dicthylbcnzamidc (4.83), a contaminant in DEET, produced the same urinary metabolites as its secondary analogue, A-ethylbenzamide (see Sect. 4.3.1.2). This observation can be explained by invoking a metabolic pathway that involves initial oxidative mono-A-deethylation followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the secondary amide to form ethylamine and benzoic acid [47], Since diethylamide was not detected in these experiments, it appears that A,A-diethylbenzamide cannot be hydrolyzed by amidases, perhaps due to the increased steric bulk of the tertiary amido group. 

A-Nitrosomorpholine and A-nitrosodiethanolamine are both converted in vivo to A-nitroso-A-2-hydroxyethylglycine, which is excreted in rodent urine. The recovery of A-nitroso-A-2-hydroxyethylglycine in 24-h urine was lower in rats (8%) than in mice or hamsters (11-14%) dosed intraperitoneally with A-nitrosodiethanolamine (5 mg/kg bw), which was also found in urine of all the species (Bonfanti et al, 1986). Biliary excretion (a minor route of elimination) and enterohepatic recycling of A-nitrosodiethanolamine and its metabolite A-nitroso-A-2-hydroxyethylglycine has been shown in rats after intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg bw A-nitrosodi-ethanolamine (Bonfanti et al, 1985). 

All formulations quantity sufficient (q.s.) to volume with aqueous component (except in cases where the excipient is at 100%). All vehicles dosed intravenously can also be dosed intraperitoneally. 

Inject 0.1 mL of adjuvant/antigen mixture per dose intraperitoneally (IP). 

Nineteen outbred male rats were dosed intraperitoneally once with 200 mg/kg benzo[a]pyrene in sunflower oil (Likhachev et al. 1993). Concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol, a marker metabolite of bioactivation of benzo[a]pyrene. and 3-hydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene, a marker metabolite of deactivation, were measured daily in the urine and feces for 15 days. Levels of these metabolites were correlated with tumor latency. Another group of 10 rats was dosed intraperitoneally once with 15 mg/kg benzo[a]pyrene in sunflower oil and urine was collected for 3 days. Five rats were killed on day 3 and the other 5 were killed on day 8. Liver DNA concentrations of... 

Phenylhydrazine caused adverse reproductive effect when dosed intraperitoneally in pregnant mice. It caused jaundice, anemia, and behavioral deficit in offspring. 

Yoon and Kim [43] reported a decrease in liver weight in mice injected with PTX-2 at a dose of 200 pg/kg. No significant changes were recorded in the weights of the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart, lungs, or intestine of mice dosed intraperitoneally with PTX-2 seco acid or 7-epi-VTX-2 seco acid at 5000 pg/kg [46]. 

A small pilot study has been conducted in mice in order to assess the effect of multiple sublethal injections of spirolide [51]. 13-Desmethyl spirolide C was dosed intraperitoneally to mice at... 

Subsequent studies in lead-dosed animals give conflicting evidence concerning the selective accumulation of lead in the hippocampus. Klein and Koch (1981) reported that rats dosed intraperitoneally with 5 and 7.5 mg/kg lead from days 1-10 had more lead in several brain regions than those dosed from days 11-20. The highest concentration was found in the cerebellum, and the lowest in the brain stem and hippocampus, with... 

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