Cytological effects

Protoanemonin, which has been isolated from Anemone pulsatilla and Ranunculus spp., was reported to inhibit root growth by slowing down metabolism and blocking mitosis 35). Erickson and Rosen 35) observed cytological effects in corn root tips at concentrations of 10M and lower. Cells undergoing division appeared to accumulate in the interphase or prophase stages. Metaphase, anaphase, and telophase stages were not observed. Cytoplasmic and vacuolar structures were disturbed and the presence of mitochondria could not be demonstrated in treated tissue. Thimann and Bonner 141) reported that protoanemonin was 10 to 30 times more inhibitory than coumarin in coleoptile and split pea stem tests, and that BAL prevented the inhibitory action. 

Kaur P, Grover IS. 1985a. Cytological effects of some organophosphorus pesticides I. Mitotic effects. Cytologia 50 187-197. 

Bale SS. 1983. Cytological effects of Kepone on Chinese hamster cells. J Hered 74(2) 123-124. 

Oral cytological effect. The effects of cannabis, methaqualone, or tobacco smoking on the epithelial cells in 16 patients were evaluated. The site samples included the buccal mucosa (left and right sides), the posterior dorsum of the tongue, and the anterior floor of the mouth. There was a... 

J. C. Davis and St. Mudd (1956). Cytological effects of ultraviolet radiation and azascerine on Corynebacleriuni diphtheriae. J. Gen. Microbiol., 14, 527-532. 

Malhotra, S.S. and D. Hocking. 1976. Biochemical and cytological effects of sulfur dioxide on plant metabolism. New Phytol. 76 227-237. 

Klmura Y, Yamamoto K. Cytological effect of chemicals on tumors. XXIII. Influence of crude extracts from garlic and some related species on MTK-sarcoma III. GANN 1964 55 325-329. 

Paget GE, Walpole AL (1958) Some cytological effects of griseofulvin. Nature 182 1320 Parkinson DR, Jerry LM, Shibata HR et al. (1977) Complications of cancer immunotherapy with levamisole. Lancet 1 1129-1132... 

Sekita S, Yoshihira K, Natori S, Udagawa S, Sakabe F, Kurata K, Umeda M (1982) Chaetoglobosins, Cytotoxic 10-(Indol-3-yl)-[13]cytochalasans from Chaetomium spp. I. Production, Isolation and Some Cytological Effects of Chaetoglobosins A-J. Chem Pharm Bull 30 1609... 

Shininger TL (1975) The morphological, anatomical and cytological effects of gibberellins. In Krishnamoorthy HN (ed) Gibberellins and plant growth. Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 203-224... 

Other examples of the cytological effects of surfactants have been reported in papers dealing with cell proliferation. Tween 60 brings about a rapid and sustained intensification of cell proliferation following application as a 10% solution to the epidermis [193] there is rapid and sustained epidermal thickening accompanied by an increase in the thymidine-labelling index. Three surfactants have been studied as modulators of transformed cell proliferation [194]. Some surface active compounds have both in vitro and in vivo antitumour activity, and others inhibit the development of tumour metastases in vivo. Lack of in vivo effect... 

K. M. Marimuthu, A. H. Sparrow, and L. A. Schairer, The cytological effects of space flight factors, vibration, clinostat and radiation on root tip cells of Tradescantia, Radiation Res. 42, 105-119 (1970). 

Cytological effects of dinitroanilines, pronamide, and amiprophos-methyl, manifested by an absence of MTs in treated tissues, suggest inhibition of tubulin synthesis or tubulin polymerization. Several studies with isolated pig brain tubulin have shown that these herbicides do not prevent tubulin polymerization (see, e.g.. Ref. 112). It was concluded that trifluralin, oryzalin, pronamide, and propham did not act in the same manner as the... 

In conclusion, it is unlikely that the mechanism of action of all the anti-MT herbicides is via a direct or indirect effect on levels. Similar morphological and cytological effects would be expected for all the anti-MT herbicides if they were mediated by an effect on Ca levels. In addition, the importance of Ca in metabolic control would mean that any inhibition in Ca " compartmentalization would be manifested in many ways, and not specifically on MTs. A specific direct effect by these herbicides on MT structure and function is likely, the mechanism(s) of which is still to be elucidated. However, effects on processes which influence Ca levels may contribute to the overall action. 

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