Lymphocytes peripheral blood

Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8) is an immunomodulatory protein (29,30) isolated from the mycelial extract of Ganoderma lucidium, that has been purified and shown to stimulate mouse spleen and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. LZ-8 is able to inhibit antibody production and prevent the development of autoimmune type I diabetes in NOD mice. 

One of the questions confronting investigators in the HS field is whether fever or other acute phase reactants can induce HS gene expression. In vitro studies utilize extraordinary temperatures of 42 °C and higher. Core body temperatures may approach 40 °C as a result of fever. In most in vitro systems, this temperature does not lead to the HS response. However, there are reports that fever induces the increased synthesis of hsps in peripheral blood lymphocytes (Ciavarra, 1990). This response was observed in mononuclear cells exposed to febrile temperatures and in cells isolated from a medical intern who developed fever. 

Enhancement of the human HS response may eventually be a clinical goal in dealing with the aging population which may be more susceptible to environmental stress. Several investigators have now shown an age-dependent defect in the regulation of the HS response at the transcriptional level (Fargnoli et al., 1990). This defect has been observed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and in... 

De Ferrari M, Artuso M, Bonassi S, et al. 1991. Cytogenic biomonitoring of an Italian population exposed to pesticides Chromosome aberration and sister-chromatid exchange analysis in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutat Res 260 105-113. 

Morgan RA, Baler-BitterUch G, Ragheb JA, Wong-Staal E, GaUo RC, Anderson WE (1994) Further evaluation of soluble CD4 as an anti-HIV type 1 gene therapy demonstration of protection of primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes from infection by HIV type 1, AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 10 1507-1515... 

Podsakoff GM, Engel BC, Carbonaro DA, Choi C, Smogorzewska EM, Bauer G, Selander D, Csik S, Wilson K, Betts MR, Koup RA, Nabel GJ, Bishop K, King S, Schmidt M, von KaUe C, Church JA, Kohn DB (2005) Selective survival of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with HIV-1 following delivery of an anti-HIV gene to bone marrow CD34(+) cells. Mol Ther... 

L Vova TS. 1984. [Study of the mutagenic effect of 5 promising pesticides in mouse bone marrow cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and in the yeast Saccharomyces-cerevisiae.] Tsitol Genet 18 455-457. (Russian)... 

Phoca vitulina), pups were dosed PCBs and effects measured on mitogen-induced peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation (Levin et al. 2004). A positive correlation was found between PCB concentrations in blubber and both T-cell mitogen- and B-cell mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. 

Byrn RA, Kiesshng AA (1998) Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus in semen indications of a genetically distinct virus reservoir. J Reprod Immunol 41(1-2) 161-176 Carr JM, Hocking H, Li P, Burrell CJ (1999) Rapid and efficient celL-to-ceU transmission of human immunodeficiency vims infection from monocyte-derived macrophages to peripheral blood lymphocytes. Virology 265(2) 319-329... 

CaUebaut C, Jacotot E, Blanco J et al (1998) Increased rate of HIV-1 entry and its cytopathic effect in CD4+/CXCR4+ T cells expressing relatively high levels of CD26. Exp Cell Res 241 352-362 Campbell JJ, Qin S, Unutmaz D et al (2001) Unique subpopulations of CD56+ NK and NK-T peripheral blood lymphocytes identified by chemokine receptor expression repertoire. J Immunol 166 6477-6482... 

Beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol glucoside stimulate human peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation Implications for their use as an immunomodulatory vitamin combination. International JImmunopharmacology, 18(12) 693-700. 

TAKENAKA s, ITOYAMA Y (1993) Rice bran hemicellulose increases the peripheral blood lymphocytes in rats. Life Sciences, 52(1) 9-12. 

PAS Periodic acid-SchiflF reagent PBA Polyclonal B cell activators PBC Primary biliary cirrhosis PBL Peripheral blood lymphocytes PBMC Peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBN N- e f-butyl-a-phenylnitrone PBS Phosphate-buffered saline PC Phosphatidylcholine... 

Another peculiarity of the study is that the use of a biological system has allowed the authors to hypothesize a possible mechanism of action of the leachate as a mixture, hypothesis that could have been drafted on the basis of the only knowledge derived by chemical analysis. Researchers suggest that leachate inhibits cell proliferation at low doses probably inducing a reversible cell cycle arrest that becomes irreversible at high doses, probably due to leachate-induced oxidative stress. This activity is mainly due to the chemical compounds extracted in the aqueous phase. Similar effects were noticed by previous investigations on other human cells (human peripheral blood lymphocytes and a human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7) [31, 32], supporting the hypothesis that cells that survive the initial insult from leachate constituents maintains the potential to proliferate until the effects on cell metabolism lead to death. 

Eva, C., Ferrero, P., Rocca, P., Funaro, A., Bergamasco, B., Ravizza, L. and Genazzani, E. (1989) [3H] A-methylscopolamine binding to muscarinic receptors in human peripheral blood lymphocytes characterization, localization on T-lymphocyte subsets and age-dependent changes. Neuropharmacology 28, 719-726. 

Homung, F., Scala, G. and Lenardo, M.J. (2000) TNF-alpha-induced secretion of C-C chemokines modulates C-C chemokine receptor 5 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 164, 6180-6187. 

Beckmann, E. and Levitt, D. (1984) Phosphorylcholine on Streptococcus pneumoniae R36a is responsible for in vitro polyclonal antibody secretion by human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Journal of Immunology 132, 2174-2176. 

A survey of investigations on chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of people exposed to elevated levels of radon in the atmosphere shows non linear dose relationship. At very low doses a sharp increase occured, followed by a plateau. A hypothesis involving DNA repair mechanism is given. 

One of the most sensitive biological effects of ionizing radiation is to increase the frequency of normally observed chromosome aberrations (but not to induce qualitatively special abnormalities). Peripheral blood lymphocytes are the most feasible cells for chromosome investigations, as blood samples are easy to obtain and the techniques to stimulate the lymphocytes to proliferate within a culture medium and to prepare suitable chromosome slides for microscopic analyzation have their routine protocoil (e. g. Yunis, 1965 Lloyd et al, 1982). 

Loftenius, A., G. Sandborgh-Englund, and J. Ekstrand. 1998. Acute exposure to mercury from amalgam no short-time effect on the peripheral blood lymphocytes in healthy individuals. Jour. Toxicol. Environ. Health 54A 547-560. 

Kay, N., Allen, J., Morley, J.E., Endorphins stimulate normal human peripheral blood lymphocyte natural killer activity, Life Sci., 35, 53, 1984. 

Lavoie, E.T., and Grasman, K.A., Isolation, cryopreservation, and mitogenesis of peripheral blood lymphocytes from chickens (Gallus domesticus) and wild herring gulls (Larus argentatus), Arch. Environ Contam. Toxicol., 48, 552, 2005. 

Romano, T.A., Ridgway, S.H., and Quaranta, V., MHC class-II molecules and immunoglobulins on peripheral blood lymphocytes of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, J. Exp. Zool., 263, 96, 1992. 

Mercuric chloride was then tested on human thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes, fractionated according to density [161], and it seemed possible that mercuric chloride was a polyclonal stimulator of human peripheral blood T helper lymphocytes and thymocytes with characteristics of medullary cells. When macrophages were depleted, the stimulation remained at about the... 

Recent studies with BN 52021 have demonstrated that PAF can modulate various immune processes. BN 52021 can inhibit the suppressive effect of PAF on T-lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. When PAF is added to human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures (containing 5-10% monocytes) stimulated with phytohaemaglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con A), a non-toxic concentration-dependent inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation is... 

To date, cellular and gene therapy products submitted to FDA have included clinical studies indicated for bone marrow marking, cancer, cystic fibrosis, AIDS, and inborn errors of metabolism and infectious diseases. Of the current active INDs approximately 78% have been sponsored by individual investigators or academic institutions and 22% have also been industry sponsored. In addition to the variety of clinical indications the cell types have also been varied. Examples include tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and lymphocyte activated killer (LAK) cells, selected cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes, for example, stem cells, myoblasts, tumor cells and encapsulated cells (e.g., islet cells and adrenal chromaffin cells). 

Established cell lines, cell strains or primary cell cultures may be used. The most often used are Chinese hamster cell lines and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The merits of these two cell lines have been reported (Ishidate and Hamois, 1987 Kirkland and Gamer, 1987). The cell system must be validated and consistently sensitive to known clastogens. 

Evans, H.J. and O Riordan, M.L. (1975). Human peripheral blood lymphocytes for the analysis of chromosome aberrations in mutagen tests. Mutation Res. 31 135-148. 

Haukaas, S.A., Hoisater, P.A. and Kalland, T. (1982). In vitro and in vivo effects of diethylstilbestrol and estramustine phosphate (Estracyte) on the mutagen responsiveness of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Prostate 3 405-414. 

M. M. Corsi, H. H. Maes, K. Wasserman, A. Fulgenzi, G. Gaja, M. E. Ferrero, Protection by L-2-Oxothiazohdine-4-carboxyhc Acid of Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced CD3 and CD 162 Chain Down-Regulation in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes and Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells , Biochem. Pharmacol. 1998, 56, 657 - 662. 

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