Paraffins and waxes

The characteristic properties of waxes and paraffins can be grouped in three classes... 

In 1991, the relatively old and small synthetic fuel production faciHties at Sasol One began a transformation to a higher value chemical production facihty (38). This move came as a result of declining economics for synthetic fuel production from synthesis gas at this location. The new faciHties installed in this conversion will expand production of high value Arge waxes and paraffins to 123,000 t/yr in 1993. Also, a new faciHty for production of 240,00 t/yr of ammonia will be added. The complex will continue to produce ethylene and process feedstock from other Sasol plants to produce alcohols and higher phenols. 

On-line NPLC-GC-FID and/or FUR analysis has been used in discriminating between paraffin waxes and paraffin oils present in, or migrating between, food packaging and food simulants FID was used for quantitation [967]. In a typical application, online coupled LC-GC-F1D has also been used for the analysis of food contamination by mineral oil from printed cardboard [968]. The technique has revealed that many foods are contaminated with mineral oil products. Grob et al. [969] have determined mineral oil in canned food by on-line LC-LC-GC-F1D. DEHP was determined in salad oil by means of conventional LC-GC [970]. HPLC-GC-MS/MS (ion trap) can serve highly useful purposes in areas of applications such as impurity... 

For a systematic investigation, it is well first to dry the sample in an oven at 105° and to extract it with ether in a displacement apparatus, the ethereal extract being tested for fats, wax and paraffin wax the fabric is then boiled with water and rubbed between the hands, the liquid being subsequently tested for the above salts. 

Other larger zeolites of the FAU type are used in the cracking of long-chain waxes and paraffins, which are of low value because of their viscosity. The products of this process are gasoline and liquid petroleum gas, which is treated further with MFI-type zeolites as detailed above (Figure 9.11c). 

Okerin [Astor], TM for rubber waxes and paraffin products. 

These results could not be confirmed by GrolSmann [165] for the system paraffin/water, in which dsz/d cc We was found for a turbine stirrer and da/d y g-0.815 fpj. g propeller stirrer. Evidently large differences exist between wax and paraffin with respect to coalescence properties. 

In addition, grease, oil, waxes and paraffins can be detected by IR spectroscopy, either by a direct comparison of spectra from the stain and from unstained areas, with the possibility of subsequent subtraction of spectra, or after extractions and concentration by spectroscopy of the extraction residue. 

Attempts have been made to define or classify petroleum based on various distillation properties when combined with another property such as density. It has been suggested that a crude should be called asphaltic if the distillation residue contained less than 2% wax and paraffinic if it contained more than 5%. A division according to the chemical composition of the 250-300°C (480-570°F) fraction has also been suggested (Table 2.1). 

Aliphatic hydrocarbons, naphthas, gasoline, or paraffin hydrocarbons are chemically inert and are thus very stable solvents [14.262], [14.263]. Aliphatic hydrocarbons exhibit a good solvency for mineral oils, fatty oils (with the exception of castor oil), waxes, and paraffin. They also dissolve rubber, polyisobutene, molten polyethylene, poly(butyl acrylate), poly(butyl methacrylate), and poly(vinyl ethers). However, most other polymers, polar resins, cellulose derivatives, and most paint binders are insoluble. Resins and binders with a low polarity dissolve less readily in aliphatic hydrocarbons than in aromatic hydrocarbons. 

Chem. Descrip. Blend of microcrystalline wax and paraffin wax Uses Processing aid in latex foams antiozonant in latex rubber for use in paper and wood coatings, sizing, textile lubrication Properties Wh. emulsion m.p. 150 F pH 8.5-9.5 52-54% solids Octowax695 [Tiarco]... 

Methods have been described in the literature for obtaining spherical particles 0.2-100 pi in size from steel [93-95], poly-st5rrene [96-98], rubber and plastic [99], and mercury, wax, and paraffin [100, 101]. 

A second type of reaction takes the polymer back one stage further to produce feedstock that can be used to produce the monomer or other petroleum products such as waxes and paraffin. The relationship between these two routes is shown in Figure 8.1. 

Compound Ointment of Benzoic Acid, B.P.C. Contains 6 per cent of benzoic acid and 3 per cent of salicyclic acid in a mixture of emulsifying wax and paraffins. 

Hot melt adhesives and sealants can use the same plasticizers as elastomers, as well as microcrystalline wax and paraffin wax, whieh are solids at room temperature. 

Uses W/o emulsifier coemulsifier of min, oils, waxes and paraffinic hydrocarbons... 

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