Vinyl chloride acetate resin

The thermoplastic or thermoset nature of the resin in the colorant—resin matrix is also important. For thermoplastics, the polymerisation reaction is completed, the materials are processed at or close to their melting points, and scrap may be reground and remolded, eg, polyethylene, propjiene, poly(vinyl chloride), acetal resins (qv), acryhcs, ABS, nylons, ceUulosics, and polystyrene (see Olefin polymers Vinyl polymers Acrylic ester polymers Polyamides Cellulose ESTERS Styrene polymers). In the case of thermoset resins, the chemical reaction is only partially complete when the colorants are added and is concluded when the resin is molded. The result is a nonmeltable cross-linked resin that caimot be reworked, eg, epoxy resins (qv), urea—formaldehyde, melamine—formaldehyde, phenoHcs, and thermoset polyesters (qv) (see Amino resins and plastics Phenolic resins). 

Propylene oxide is soluble in water and miscible with most organic solvents. It is found to be an excellent law-boiling solvent far cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, adhesive compositions and vinyl chloride-acetate resins. It is also a solvent for hydrocarbons, gums and shellac. Same of its uses are as a solvent and stabilizer in DDT aerosol-type insecticides, and as a fumigant and food preservative. Since it is an acid acceptor, it is also used as a stabilizer for vinyl chloride resins and other chlorinated systems. 

Copolymerisation of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride yields resins of desirable properties they are strong and adhesive, thermoplastic, and are suitable for the manufacture of synthetic fibre (Vinyon). 

Isophorone is a solvent for a large number of natural and synthetic polymers, resins, waxes, fats, and oils. Specifically, it is used as a solvent for concentrated vinyl chloride/acetate-based coating systems for metal cans, other metal paints, nitrocellulose finishes, printing inks for plastics, some herbicide and pesticide formulations, and adhesives for plastics, poly(vinyl) chloride and polystyrene materials (Papa and Sherman 1981). Isophorone also is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3, 5-xylenol, 3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexanol (Papa and Sherman 1981), and plant growth retardants (Haruta et al. 1974). Of the total production, 45-65% is used in vinyl coatings and inks, 15-25% in agricultural formulations, 15-30% in miscellaneous uses and exports, and 10% as a chemical intermediate (CMA 1981). 

Large scale production of Vinylite resins, vinyl chloride-acetate copolymers, was started in 1933, at which time the material was marketed as molding compounds for the fabrication of phonograph records, dentures, rigid panels, and novelties (21). Several years elapsed before the introduction of highly plasticized polyvinyl chloride sheeting and the resultant widening market. 

PS PSF PSU PTFE PU PUR PVA PVAL PVB PVC PVCA PVDA PVDC PVDF PVF PVOH SAN SB SBC SBR SMA SMC TA TDI TEFE TPA UF ULDPE UP UR VLDPE ZNC Polystyrene Polysulfone (also PSU) Polysulfone (also PSF) Polytetrafluoroethylene Polyurethane Polyurethane Poly(vinyl acetate) Poly(vinyl alcohol) poly(vinyl butyrate) Poly(vinyl chloride) Poly(vinyl chloride-acetate) Poly(vinylidene acetate) Poly(vinylidene chloride) Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Poly(vinyl fluoride) Poly(vinyl alcohol) Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer Styrene-butadiene copolymer Styrene block copolymer Styrene butadiene rubber Styrene-maleic anhydride (also SMC) Styrene-maleic anhydride (also SMA) Terephthalic acid (also TPA) Toluene diisocyanate Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Terephthalic acid (also TA) Urea formaldehyde Ultralow-density polyethylene Unsaturated polyester resin Urethane Very low-density polyethylene Ziegler-Natta catalyst... 

Traditionally the inks were based on organic solvents, comprising solutions of binder resins such as vinyl chloride polymers, vinyl chloride-acetate copolymers and acrylics in toluene/methyl ethyl ketone or ethanol/ethyl acetate— pigments, flattening agents, waxes, and other substances being added as required to enhance performance. More recently, because of the desire to... 

Use Polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, and polyvinyl chloride-acetate resins, used particularly in latex paints, paper coating, adhesives, textile finishing, safety glass interlayers. A vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer is available for specialty products. 

Exchange between product and pack can occur in both directions, e.g. certain labelling materials such as heat sensitive and self-adhesive labels when in contact with plastic materials. Both the plastic and the adhesives may contain plasticisers or migratory constituents. Most cellulosics use phthalate, sebacate, phosphate-type plasticisers (e.g. methyl phthalate (DMP) may be used in cellulose acetate). Plasticisers may also be found in poly vinyl chloride/acetate copolymers, polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol formulations, polymethyl methacrylate, nylon and certain thermosetting resins. 

On account of the relative insolubility of PVC and the markedly increased effect of solvents with the increasing content of vinyl acetate in the copolymer resins, there exists among the vinyl chloride-acetate copolymer system a great diversity of composition and of ability to be cemented by solvents. 

Synonyms Acetic acid, vinyl ester, chloroethylene copolymer Polyvinyl acetate chloride Polyvinyl chloride-acetate resin Vinyl chloride acetate copolymer Vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer Vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymers Classification Polymer Formuia (C2H4O C2H3CI),... 

Di(2-ethylhexyl) isophthalate (dioctyl iso-phthalate, DIOP) n. A primary plasticizer for PVC, most notable for low volatility and its resistance to marring by nitrocellulose lacquers, in addition to good general-purpose properties. It is also compatible with polyvinyl butyral, vinyl chloride-acetate copolymers, cellulosic resins, polystyrene, and chlorinated rubber. 

Vinyl chloride acetate copolymers resins vary widely in compatibility with other materials. Vinyl chloride acetate copolymer and vinyl chloride resins. 

Poly(vinyl acetate-co-vinyl chloride), SMA resin dispersants, 444 Poly(vinyl alcohol), 271 dehydrated, MA-grafted, 473 MA derivative, 503 SMA resin modified, 445 Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-dibutyl maleate), 277... 

Uniplex 150 is an excellent general purpose plasticizer that is conqpatible with cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose nitrate, ethyl cellulose, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyvinyl butyral, vinyl chloride, and vinyl chloride acetate. It also is an excellent plasticizer for thermosetting resins such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, phenolics, and others. 

Materials that can be used as main components of thermoplastic adhesives are vinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), vinyl chloride, acrylic resin, polyamide, cellulose, alfa-olefin resin, and waterborne isocyanate resin. 

Types of internal enamel for food containers include oleoresins, vinyl, acryflc, phenoHc, and epoxy—phenoHc. Historically can lacquers were based on oleoresinous products. PhenoHc resins have limited flexibiHty and high bake requirements, but are used on three-piece cans where flexibiHty is not required. Vinyl coatings are based on copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate dissolved in ketonic solvents. These can be blended with alkyd, epoxy, and phenoHc resins to enhance performance. FlexibiHty allows them to be used for caps and closures as weU as drawn cans. Their principal disadvantage is high sensitivity to heat and retorting processes this restricts their appHcation to cans which are hot filled, and to beer and beverage products. 

Polymer Applications. The reaction of sahcylaldehyde with poly(vinyl alcohol) to form an acetal has been used to provide dye receptor sites on poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers (89) and to improve the light stabihty of blend fibers from vinyl chloride resin and poly(vinyl alcohol) (90) (see Fibers, POLY(VINYL alcohol)). ... 

The alcohols, proprietary denatured ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol, are commonly used for E-type inks. Many E-type inks benefit from the addition of small amounts of ethyl acetate, MEK, or normal propyl acetate to the solvent blends. Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents are used for M-type inks. Polystyrene resins are used to reduce the cost of top lacquers. T-type inks are also reduced with aromatic hydrocarbons. Acryflc resins are used to achieve specific properties for V-type inks. Vehicles containing vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate copolymer resins make up the vinyl ink category. Ketones are commonly used solvents for these inks. 

Organic peroxides are used in the polymer industry as thermal sources of free radicals. They are used primarily to initiate the polymerisation and copolymerisation of vinyl and diene monomers, eg, ethylene, vinyl chloride, styrene, acryUc acid and esters, methacrylic acid and esters, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, and butadiene (see Initiators). They ate also used to cute or cross-link resins, eg, unsaturated polyester—styrene blends, thermoplastics such as polyethylene, elastomers such as ethylene—propylene copolymers and terpolymers and ethylene—vinyl acetate copolymer, and mbbets such as siUcone mbbet and styrene-butadiene mbbet. 

Polymer Blends. The miscibility of poly(ethylene oxide) with a number of other polymers has been studied, eg, with poly (methyl methacrylate) (18—23), poly(vinyl acetate) (24—27), polyvinylpyrroHdinone (28), nylon (29), poly(vinyl alcohol) (30), phenoxy resins (31), cellulose (32), cellulose ethers (33), poly(vinyl chloride) (34), poly(lactic acid) (35), poly(hydroxybutyrate) (36), poly(acryhc acid) (37), polypropylene (38), and polyethylene (39). 

Vinyl resins ie, copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate which contain hydroxyl groups from the partial hydrolysis of vinyl acetate and/or carboxyl groups, eg, from copolymerized maleic anhydride, may be formulated with alkyd resins to improve their appHcation properties and adhesion. The blends are primarily used in making marine top-coat paints. 

The poly(vinyl acetal) prepared from acetaldehyde was developed in the early 1940s by Shawinigan Chemicals, Ltd., of Canada and sold under the trade name Alvar. Early uses included injection-molded articles, coatings for paper and textiles, and replacement for shellac. Production peaked in the early 1950s and then decreased as a result of competition from less expensive resins such as poly(vinyl chloride) (see Vinyl polymers, poly(vinyl chloride)). 

PVF resins are generally compatible with phthalate, phosphate, adipate, and diben2oate plastici2ers, and with phenoHc, melamine—formaldehyde, urea—formaldehyde, unsaturated polyester, epoxy, polyurethane, and cellulose acetate butylate resins. They are incompatible with polyamide, ethyl cellulose, and poly(vinyl chloride) resins (141). 

Special vinyl acetate copolymer paints have been developed with gready improved resistance to blistering or peeling when immersed in water. This property allows better cleaning and use in very humid environments. These lattices exhibit the water resistance of higher priced acryUc resins (150). VAc, vinyl chloride—ethylene terpolymers have been developed which provide the exterior resistance properties of vinyl chloride with the dexibiUty of the ethylene for exterior paint vehicles (151). 

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