Test equipment evaluation

Gage and test equipment evaluation Customers want to assure that quality checks are both "repeatable"and "reproducible " referred to as R R. Repeatability ensures that a single person would produce the same result in multiple samplings. Reproducibility ensures that multiple checkers would produce the same results. 

In order to develop the proper dow pattern, knowledge of a material s dow properties is essential. Standard test equipment and procedures for evaluating sohds dow properties are available (6). Direct shear tests, mn to measure a material s friction and cohesive properties, allow determination of hopper wall angles for mass dow and the opening size required to prevent arching. Other devices available to evaluate sohds dowabiUty include biaxial and rotary shear testers. 

Catalyst testing and evaluation have been revolutionized by computers, automated test reactors, and analytical methods. With modem equipment, researchers can systematically prepare and screen many catalysts in a short time and efftciendy deterrnine, not only the initial catalytic activity and selectivity, but also the stabiUty and the appearance of trace products that may indicate some new catalytic properties worthy of further development. 

The other common objective for calculating the number of countercurrent theoretical stages (or mass-transfer units) is to evaluate the performance of hquid-liquid extraction test equipment in a pilot plant or to evaluate production equipment in an industrial plant. Most liq-uid-hquid extraction equipment in common use can oe designed to achieve the equivalent of 1 to 8 theoretical countercurrent stages, with some designed to achieve 10 to 12 stages. 

Evaluates operating data for existing or test equipment. 

An overview of typical calorimetric techniques indicating sensitivities, principal application areas, and the usual data acquired is shown on Table 2.1. A brief summary of advantages and disadvantages of the various tests is also given. The column "principal applications" indicates only the major applications of the respective techniques. In any of the tests listed, it is possible to obtain additional data or to use the test equipment for completely different hazard evaluations once the techniques are fully understood and the tests are run by fully qualified technical personnel. Testing techniques are discussed later in Section 2.3 on Practical Testing. 

Decontaminating equipment shall be conveniently located. Exits must be designed to permit rapid evacuation. HD should be stored in containers made of glass for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDTE) quantities or one-ton steel containers for large quantities. Agent shall be double-contained in liquid-tight containers when in storage. 

Advanced testing for extensive evaluation of selected catalysts and feedstocks was carried out in a fixed fluid bed of about one liter cracking catalyst capacity. This provided us with representative yields and large volumes for product quality testing including octane numbers. In construction and operation, this test equipment was similar to that used much earlier to develop the semisynthetic catalysts of the 1950s.(7)... 

FIG, 2—Engine Dynamometer Test Equipment. This is the third step in a comprehensive four-step evaluation program, consisting of glassware, simulated service, engine dynamometer, and vehicle testing. 

Electrochemical iron generation is a site-specific technology that is pH dependent. Process pH should be from 6 to 9. Optimal removal efficiencies require electrochemical treatment in combination with an ideal precipitation pH for the metals being removed. Nearly all fuU-scale systems include a pH control system. Andco performs lab and pilot-scale testing to evaluate the ability of the process to treat a particular waste stream. If flow rates or contaminant loads fluctuate, control equipment is required to compensate for changes in influent. 

When inspection, measuring, or test equipment is found to be out of calibration, an evaluation is made to determine the validity of previous inspection or test results and a decision is made as to the need for reinspection or retest. 

Develop and conduct tests that evaluate and monitor the processes, equipment, and personnel. 

Abrasive wear is a complex combination of a number of factors, including resilience, stiffness, thermal resistance, thermal stability, resistance to cutting, and tearing (Smith, 1993). There are a number of laboratory tests, both international standards and commercial tests, for the evaluation of abrasive wear. The results from these tests normally represent only an indication of the actual wear that can be found in practice. The test equipment generally has a loaded sample against course abradant or, in the case of a Taber abrader, a loaded abrasive wheel against a flat sample (see Chapter 8). 

Criminalists play an extremely important role in this bloodstain research program. The needs of the user community of criminalists are well-represented by individuals acting either as consultants to the contractors or as advisors to the Institute. As new prototype equipment and methods of analysis are developed, crime laboratories will be invited to participate in their field testing and evaluation. 

Companies seek to make their plants more efficient and cost competitive. New catalysts are screened, alternative feedstocks tested, and changes in process equipment evaluated to improve product quality and production economics. The risk of making changes in a plant without laboratory or pilot plant work is usually too great, although here are exceptions. 

During pilot plant studies, laboratory results are confirmed, process chemistry is finalized, key process variables are tested, equipment design is evaluated, and waste characteristics are defined. It is especially important at this stage of R D that all major environmental cost areas are understood as these relate to the overall viability of a commercial project. 

The variable initiator test using the MKIII ballistic mortar and the ballistic pendulum is very effective to evaluate these materials 35 c 8 . The probability of occurance of deflagration can be determined from the strength of explosion in the ballistic mortar or ballistic pendulum test. However, this method cannot be used for detonating materials that may damage the test equipment... 

Properties interact with the end product requirements such as product size, flowability through the mold and cycle times to determine necessary pressure and output requirements of the processing equipment. To begin your chemical system selection, write a performance specification for the product. Recommended formulations for specific product types have been thoroughly tested and evaluated by the chemical companies selling them. The chemical companies can provide you with the physical property data of the formuladon. 

Characterization, as it applies to catalyst science, is usually used to describe both the performance characteristics (evaluation) and the physical attributes (analyses) of the materials under investigation. Personnel involved in catalyst evaluation utilize custom designed equipment to determine the performance of a catalyst in a particular process. The design of the equipment typically follows that of the process, but on a much smaller laboratory scale. These simulations attempt to "mimic" the process, or parts of the process, and as such the data generated are relative not only to the process but to the test equipment and conditions (see Dartzenburg). Conversion, activity, stability, abrasion resistance, crush strength, etc. are terms often encountered in evaluation. Analysis, on the other hand, describes or measures the physical quantities of size or mat-... 

Evaluation techniques and equipment are as varied as the individual catalytic processes themselves. The long term goal of catalyst evaluation is to reduce the size of the testing equipment consistent with reliable and accurate data as it relates to the commercial process. Invariably, the farther removed in physical size the process simulation attains, the more likely that errors will be introduced which can affect data accuracy, accuracy being defined as commercial observations. In addition, smaller equipment size also places less demand on the physical integrity of a catalyst particle therefore, additional test methods have been developed to simulate these performance characteristics. Despite these very important limitations, laboratory reactors fully eight orders of magnitude (100 million times) smaller are routinely used in research laboratories by both catalyst manufacturers and petroleum refiners. 

The WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES), set up in 1960, is the only international programme that promotes and coordinates the testing and evaluation of pesticides intended for public health use. The International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides (2) constitutes the framework for WHOPES in promoting the safe handling and use, efficacy, cost-effective application and quality control of pesticide products/formulations for public health use. WHOPES develops specifications for pesticides and application equipment for use in international trade and quality control. 

For these reasons, this method of analysis is not widely used in the older dye plants which are equipped with proper dyeing standards. It has, however, attained a certain popularity in smaller plants in England and America because it is much easier to carry out a simple titration than to conduct the delicate, but conclusive, dyeing test. The evaluation of a dyeing test is always dependent on individual factors and can only be done by trained, absolutely reliable persons. 

In order to evaluate the VOC adsorbing capacity, several small ceramic rotor (10cm diameter, 40cm length) were prepared, and the adsorption and desorption characterstics were measured using static adsorption / desorption test equipment. In the experiment, VOC laden gas was artificially made and provided by bubbling air into VOC liquid. The concentration of the VOC was adjusted between 150 ad 420 ppm, and its flow rate was from 150 to 600 liter/min. 

For evaluation of the rotor, thermal swing adsorption was tested in a static adsorption / desorption test equipment and proper type of adsorbent for target VOC s was determined. 

Testing and evaluation. The maritime environment introduces unique factors that should be explicitly considered before accepting equipment from the Joint CBD Program and developing procedures for its use. The Navy s research, development, testing, and evaluation (RDT E) community is limited in its capa-... 

Non-Medical S T Finding Lack of Realistic Testing and Evaluation for Accepting Chemical and Biological Defense Equipment... 

The CPE or plaque reduction assays can be performed faster, have less variability than the DNA hybridization assay, do not need special materials and equipment, and avoid the need to handle radioisotopes and nuclear waste. The DNA hybridization technique may be quite useful for confirmatory purposes but not for large-scale evaluation of clinically or in vitro isolated drug-resistant strains. The CPE reduction assay and the plaque reduction assay are the most commonly used tests to evaluate the drug-susceptibility profile of drug-resistant strains, for HSV, VZV, or CMV. 

The Forest Energy unit was delivered early May 1979. Both units have been undergoing shakedown tests and evaluation. At present, the TVA unit is being fitted with automated feed loading and charcoal handling equipment. Additionally, TVA has reconfigured some of the components to shorten wood gas runs and has added additional controls to make the routine operation of the system more straightforward. 

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