Laboratory Results

Often the catalysts described in the Hterature are not quite the same as those used in industrial processes, and often the reported performance is for pure single-component feeds. Sometimes the best quantitative approximations that can be made from the available Hterature are those based on reported kinetics of reactions with pure feeds and catalysts that are similar to but not the same as those used in practice. As a first approximation, one may use the pubHshed results and scale the activity on the basis of a few laboratory results obtained with reaHstic feeds and commercially available catalysts. 

Continuous pilot-plant test runs are generally recommended to verify the laboratory results and to estabhsh criteria for plant design. Facihties for these runs are available at a number of minerals-processing research centers. 

A limited number of laboratory results of varied nature will be cited for perspective. The mechanism of formation of zinc ferrite,... 

Confidence The accuracy of the conclusions drawn from any unit test depends upon the accuracy of the laboratory analyses. Plant-performance analysts must have confidence in these analyses including understanding the methodology and the limitations. This confidence is established through discussion, analyses of known mixtures, and analysis of past laboratory results. This confidence is established during the preparation stage. 

Cataloging and storage of samples may inundate the laboratory, resulting in storage and retrieval problems. Mislabeled and lost samples are frequent problems. The longer the special samples remain in the laboratory, the greater the likehhood that some will be lost or mislabeled. 

Armed with K and a values, the plant operators may be induced to do some of these calculations to occasionally sharpshoot laboratory results. 

Process investigation manager responsible for investigating technical problems and for transferring laboratory results to plant-scale operations. 

Experimental laboratory results and results from a full-scale modeb have shown the relation between the dispersed thermal power inside and the air temperature difference between the two sides of air curtain. The results shown in Fig. 10.67 are for different conditions. There are no other experimental data readily available, so caution is needed when applying these results to the design of an air curtain. 

The business manager is frugal so he asks, Why not burn the coal directly and save the cost ot manufacturing the water gas The mechanical engineer is practical so he asks, How much heat will the boiler receive if I use coal instead of water gas The chemical engineer goes to the laboratory to find the answers by measuring the heat released per mole of carbon burned in reaction (4). The laboratory result shows that reaction (4) releases 94.0 kcal/mole ... 

Beer. Laboratory results obtained by Jimenez and Gauldin (19) as well as commercial experience have shown that beer in aluminum cans is superior in flavor, color, and clarity to beer packed in tinplate cans. Table V summarizes the effect of aluminum and iron on beer stored for six months in the two types of metal containers. Aluminum ends used in conjunction with tinplate or tin-free-steel can bodies increases the shelf... 

Before administering this drug to an elderly patient or one that has renal impairment, the primary health care provider may order a creatinine clearance. The initial dose is 50 to 100 mg PO or IV, depending on the results of the creatinine clearance. The nurse reports the laboratory results to the primary health care provider because dosage adjustments may be made on the results of the creatinine clearance. 

Which of the following potassium plasma concentration laboratory results would the nurse report immediately to the physician ... 

Industry should also continue to commit resources to academic research, for reasons that go far deeper than the desirability of additional funds. The development of any engineering field, and particularly one as closely linked to manufacturing as chemical engineering, needs the intellectual guidance that can only come from an industry with a stake in research outcomes. Also, industry has to be linked to academia so that new laboratory results can be rapidly transferred to product and process design. An industry committed to financial sponsorship and personnel exchanges with academia will make sure that the crucial industrial intellectual involvement needed for success exists. Thus, the committee mges that ... 

Field Tests. Recently we conducted a field test at a site contaminated with fuel oil. Our measurements were 0.0625 0.0212 mA for the well water and 0.0189 0.0119 mA for distilled water (showing errors of one standard deviation). From calibration curves, these numbers can be reported as equivalent to 50 ppb phenol or 34 ppb xylenes. Nine-month-old laboratory results (EPA method 624 and GC/FID) for this site indicated concentrations of 25 ppb for benzene, toluene, and xylenes combined and 100 ppb for fuel oil. The important result is the significant difference between the distilled-water and well-water measurements. We are very encouraged by these results and are planning future field tests. 

Suppose laboratory results at 110°C using toluene as a solvent show the reaction to be second order with rate constant k = 5.6x 10- m /(mol-s). Suppose [N(CH3)3]o = [C3H7Br]o = 80 mol/m. ... 

If two or three termination reactions are simultaneously important, an analytical solution for SI is possible but complex. Laboratory results in such situations could probably be approximated as... 

Rahal JJ, Anderson J, Rosenberg C, Reagan T, Thompson LL (2004) Effect of interferon-alpha2b therapy on St. Louis viral meningoencephalitis chnical and laboratory results of a pilot study. 1 Infect Dis 190 1084-1087... 

The question of the influence of the road surface on tire wear cannot be answered unequivocally because of the large number of different compositions, state of use, and weather influences on their abrasive power. Road surfaces are also not durable enough for laboratory use. Hence, reliance has to be placed on the correlation between laboratory results on a laboratory abrasive surface and road test experience. Alumina of different grain size (but primarily 60) has proved to be the most useful. Even its sharpness changes with time of use and disks are limited in their useful life. 

Grover NB. Reporting laboratory results to clinical centers through the study website. Controlled Clin Trials 2004 P39. 

Table 32-3. Laboratory results in normal patients and patients with three different causes of jaundice.

The commonest causes of obstructive (posthepatic) jaundice are cancer of the head of the pancreas and a gallstone lodged in the common bile duct. The presence of bilirubin in the urine is sometimes referred to as choluria—therefore, hepatitis and obstruction of the common bile duct cause choluric Jaundice, whereas the Jaundice of hemolytic anemia is referred to as acholuric. The laboratory results in patients with hepatitis are variable, depending on the extent of damage to parenchymal cells and the extent of micro-obstruction to bile ductules. Serum levels of ALT and AST are usually markedly elevated in hepatitis, whereas serum levels of alkaline phosphatase are elevated in obstructive liver disease. 

Table 32-3 summarizes laboratory results obtained on patients with three different causes of jaundice—hemolytic anemia (a prehepatic cause), hepatitis (a hepatic cause), and obstruction of the common bile duct (a posthepatic cause). Laboratory tests on blood (evaluation of the possibihty of a hemolytic anemia and measurement of prothrombin time) and on semm (eg, electrophoresis of proteins activities of the enzymes ALT, AST, and alkahne phosphatase) are also important in helping to distinguish between prehepatic, hepatic, and posthepatic causes of jaundice. 

Diagnosis of liver diseases by laboratory results and discriminant analysis. Identification of best combinations of laboratory tests. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 

Drugs can also Interfere with laboratory results by negating certain nonspecific oxidation and reduction reactions essential for the chemical assay. Penicillin, streptomycin and ascorbic acid are known to react with cupric Ion thus, false positive results for glucose may occur If a copper reduction method Is used. If the specific enzymatic glucose-oxidase method Is employed, ascorbic acid can cause a false negative result by preventing the oxidation of a specific chromogen In the reaction. 

P.J. Lewi, B. Vekemans and L.M. Gypen, Partial least squares (PLS) for the prediction of real-life performance from laboratory results. In Scientific Computing and Automation (Europe) 1990. E.J. Kaijalainen (Ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990, pp. 199-210. 

Following the completion of the trial, each participating contract laboratory provides a report of their results to the method trial Study Director. The government laboratory(ies) provide their results to the CVM method trial coordinator. The sponsor compiles the final results from participating laboratories into a summary report. A final version of the SOP is also provided that includes any revisions made because of observations made during the trial. The summary report, electronic and hard copies of all laboratory results, work sheets, and reports from each of the participating laboratories are sent to CVM for final review and acceptance. This should include electronic copies of all information necessary to verify all of the results. 

Admission urine PCP assays were done on 155 consecutive males admitted over a g-month period (December 1982 to August 1983) to a mixed abuse ward (20 beds). Forty-two patients (27 percent) had PCP detected in their urine another 14 (9 percent) gave a history of PCP use. Of these, 14 (9 percent of the total sample) initially denied any PCP use, and 9 continued to deny use after they were confronted with the laboratory results. 

If intracranial hemorrhage is confirmed, administer 5-10 units of cryoprecipitate, evaluate laboratory results, and supplement blood products and platelets as deemed necessary (e.g., 2 units fresh frozen plasma [FFP], 6-8 units platelets)... 

Are the laboratory results suggestive of complications related to cirrhosis ... 

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