Testing, equipment

Units 6 Gerard, Lichfield Road Industrial Estate, Tamworth, Staffordshire B79 7UW, UK. 

ZA Portes de Paris, 37 Bd A. France, 93200 Saint Denis, France. 

800 Canterbury Road, Cleveland, OH 44145, USA and Express Trading Estate, Famworth, Bolton BL4 9TP, UK. 

Expressway Drive South, Islandia, NY 11749, USA and ADAMEL LHOMARGY, ZA de 1 Habitat no 6, route d Ozoir, 77680 Roissy en Brie, France. Tel. 33 1 64409210, fax 33 1 64409211, www.testingmachines.com 

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The investigations show that the microfocus high speed radioscopy system is suitable for monitoring the hard particle transport during laser beam dispersing. It is possible to observe and analyse the processes inside the molten bath with the presented test equipment. As a consequence a basis for correlation with the results of a simulation is available. 

Quality in NDT depends upon a number of factors. Qualification of NDT personnel, technical state and correctness of choice of testing equipment, availability of approved working procedures of examination, calibration of NDT equipment have decisive importance among those factors of an NDT laboratory. Assessment of NDT laboratory competence is provided through accreditation in compliance with the EN 45000 series standards. 

As with all tests, frequent caUbration of the test equipment using standard hardness blocks is a prerequisite for rehable hardness testing (see ASTM E18). Standard hardness blocks are available through commercial sources in the United States but do not have traceabiUty to internationally accepted standards as in Europe. 

R. N. Pierce and W. R. Blackstone, Impact Capability of S afety Glafing Materia Is, PB195040, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Tex., 1970 contaias detailed descriptions of test equipment, methods, and results for all types of glarings. 

Test equipment and procedures as per Ref. 23. Test equipment and procedures as per Ref. 24. Value given is minimum. 

In order to develop the proper dow pattern, knowledge of a material s dow properties is essential. Standard test equipment and procedures for evaluating sohds dow properties are available (6). Direct shear tests, mn to measure a material s friction and cohesive properties, allow determination of hopper wall angles for mass dow and the opening size required to prevent arching. Other devices available to evaluate sohds dowabiUty include biaxial and rotary shear testers. 

Bosch and co-workers devised laboratory reactors to operate at high pressure and temperature in a recycle mode. These test reactors had the essential characteristics of potential industrial reactors and were used by Mittasch and co-workers to screen some 20,000 samples as candidate catalysts. The results led to the identification of an iron-containing mineral that is similar to today s industrial catalysts. The researchers recognized the need for porous catalytic materials and materials with more than one component, today identified as the support, the catalyticaHy active component, and the promoter. Today s technology for catalyst testing has become more efficient because much of the test equipment is automated, and the analysis of products and catalysts is much faster and more accurate. 

The development of a continuous grinding index was the focus of work in the late 1970s (59). The laboratory test equipment used is similar to that for the Hardgrove test but permits classifying the product and recycling the oversize material. An improved correlation is obtained that may, however, need to be corrected for the relative sizes of the test grinding balls versus those used in commercial-scale equipment. The continuous grinding index is especially useful for lower rank coals. 

The other common objective for calculating the number of countercurrent theoretical stages (or mass-transfer units) is to evaluate the performance of hquid-liquid extraction test equipment in a pilot plant or to evaluate production equipment in an industrial plant. Most liq-uid-hquid extraction equipment in common use can oe designed to achieve the equivalent of 1 to 8 theoretical countercurrent stages, with some designed to achieve 10 to 12 stages. 

Because many of the techniques, especially those associated with the recovery of materials and energy and the processing of solid hazardous wastes, are in a state of flux with respect to application and design criteria, the objective here is only to introduce them to the reader. If these techniques are to be considered in the development of waste-management systems, current engineering design and performance data must be obtained from consultants, operating records, field tests, equipment manufacturers, and available literature. 

When maldug any economic analysis, care should be taken to be certain that the efficiency ratings of all motors being considered are on the same basis. While this should not be a problem for motors rated 1 to 500 horsepower as covered by the NEMA Standards for efficiency marldug, it is common practice for several different test methods to be used when measuring the efficiency of motors rated over 500 horsepower. A particular test method may need to be selected by the test facility on the basis of available test equipment and power supply. All test methods that may be used to test any one motor will not necessarily give the same result for efficiency. 

Pressure test equipment prior to each use or change of service... 

The test equipment is the same as described for degree of protection I. But the enclosure under lest is tilted up to an angle of 15° in respect of its normal operating position successively, in iw o planes at right angles (to cover all four sides). The total duration of the test will be 10 minutes (2.5 minutes each side). The lesl results should be the same as for degree of protection I. 

The test procedure and test equipment is almost the same as for number 5 and generally as below ... 

Testing under energized conditions Testing equipment under energized conditions should be performed only after tests under passive conditions have been conducted successfully. The same test in four different positions, under energized conditions, should be conducted and the behaviour and performance of the equipment assessed. 

In this test equipment in a passive state is tested first in any of the four positions noted above for an OBE test. When successful, it is tested for one SSE test. If these tests are successful, then the following tests may be conducted to complete seismic testing. 

Additional test on an IPB enclosure for radio interference as in NEMA-107. The maximum radio influence voltage (RIV) should not exceed 100 //V at 1000 kHz. For test equipment and test procedure refer to the Standard. 

The plastic behaviour of a material is usually measured by conducting a tensile test. Tensile testing equipment is standard in all engineering laboratories. Such equipment produces a load/displacement (F/u) curve for the material, which is then converted to a nominal stress/nominal strain, or cT l , curve (Fig. 8.10), where... 

For sampling a relatively small number of sources, a simplified calculation form may be used. Such forms enable the office personnel to perform the arithmetic necessary to arrive at the answers, freeing the technical staff for proposals, tests, and reports. Many of the manufacturers of source-testing equipment include example calculation forms as part of their operating manuals. Some standard sampling methods include calculation forms as a part of the method (8). Many control agencies have developed standard forms for their own use and will supply copies on request. 

Note Please isolate all test equipment from earth ground when testing. 

I strongly recommend that your company engage a third-party EMI testing house to test your products. The minimum-level of test equipment required to test for the discussed factors is very expensive and there is a long learning period involved. 

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