Standardized tests

The amount of oxygen used in the degradation process is called the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). A standard test has been devised to measure BOD in which the oxygen utilized by microorganisms in contact with the wastewater over a 5-day period at 20°C is measured. 

The Reid vapor pressure characterizes the light petroleum products it is measured by a standard test (refer to Chapter 7) which can be easily simulated. 

These specifications and characteristics are defined with references to standard test methods which the different parties to a contract should conduct for quality control. The tables that follow show specifically the standards that are applicable in France, but a more general table in Appendix 2 shows the main test methods commonly referenced in specifications. 

Principal Standard Test Methods for Petroleum Products... 

Alphabetical list of the principal standardized test methods... 

The AET was used at standard tests of numerous structural materials, above all steels and cast iron, prepared are ceramic samples. Part of tested samples had qjecial sur ce layer treatments by laser, plasma nitridation and similar. Effect of special surface treatment the authors published already earlier [5,6]. In this contribution are summed up typical courses of basic dependencies, measured by the AET at contact loading. 

The contribution wws elaborated in frame of complex program of the GA CR No. 101/96/K264 - Limit states of construction materials with utilisation of non-standard test methods. 

In standardized testing (EN444, EN1435) with x-ray films one must work above 100 keV with front and back screens (generally of lead) for amplification and filtering. Lead screens filter... 

Ten laboratories were asked to determine the concentration of an analyte A in three standard test samples. Eollowing are the results, in parts per million. ... 

Standard Test MethodforDeterminingFormaldehjdeEevels from Wood Products Under Defined Test Conditions Using aEarge Chamber ASTM E1333-90, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa., 1990. 

Standard test methods for chemical analysis have been developed and pubUshed (74). Included is the determination of commonly found chemicals associated with acrylonitrile and physical properties of acrylonitrile that are critical to the quaUty of the product (75—77). These include determination of color and chemical analyses for HCN, quiaone inhibitor, and water. Specifications appear in Table 10. 

Smoke, Flash, and Fire Points. These thermal properties may be determined under standard test conditions (57). The smoke poiat is defined as the temperature at which smoke begias to evolve continuously from the sample. Flash poiat is the temperature at which a flash is observed whea a test flame is appHed. The fire poiat is defiaed as the temperature at which the fire coatiaues to bum. These values are profouadly affected by minor coastitueats ia the oil, such as fatty acids, moao- and diglycerides, and residual solvents. These factors are of commercial importance where fats or oils are used at high temperatures such as ia lubricants or edible frying fats. 

Electrical Resistance—Conductivity. Most fillers are composed of nonconducting substances that should, therefore, provide electrical resistance properties comparable to the plastics in which they are used. However, some fillers contain adsorbed water or other conductive species that can gready reduce their electrical resistance. Standard tests for electrical resistance of filled plastics include dielectric strength, dielectric constant, arc resistance, and d-c resistance. 

Standard Test MethodforMeasuring the Minimum Oyrggen Concentration to Support Candle-like Combustion of Plastics, ASTM D2863-87, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 1987. 

Eluorspar assay may be completed by fluoride determination alone, because the mineralogical grouping rarely iacludes fluorine minerals other than fluorite. Calcium can be determined as oxalate or by ion-selective electrodes (67). SiUca can be determined ia the residue from solution ia perchloric acid—boric acid mixture by measuriag the loss ia weight on Aiming off with hydrofluoric acid. Another method for determining siUca ia fluorspar is the ASTM Standard Test Method E463-72. 

Several countries have developed their own standard test methods for cellular plastics, and the International Organization for Standards (ISO) Technical Committee on Plastics TC-61 has been developing international standards. Information concerning the test methods for any particular country or the ISO procedures can be obtained in the United States from the American National Standards Institute. The most complete set of test procedures for cellular plastics, and the most used of any in the world, is that developed by the ASTM these procedures are pubUshed in new editions each year (128). There have been several reviews of ASTM methods and others pertinent to cellular plastics (32,59,129—131). 

K. Bodagudur and P. Branigan, Elf Atochem NA, internal standard test method, Rahway, N.J., 1971. 

The Scleroscope scale ranges from 0 to 140 the cahbration point of 100 is the hardness of fully quenched but untempered steel. Standard test blocks embodying this condition are used for cahbration. 

Test Methods. There is no standard test method for measuring transmissibihty or isolation efficiency of vibration isolation devices. The most common procedure is to measure the vibration transmitted to the supporting stmcture with the isolators in place and with the equipment supported on rigid blocking. From these measurements the insertion loss in dB is deterrnined by the following where T is the transmitted vibration with isolators in place and is the transmitted vibration with rigid supports. 

Standard Test Methodfor Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Thor—Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine, ASTM E492-90, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 1990. 

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