Physical property data

Sources. Mostly from R. C. Reid, J. M. Prausnitz, and T. K. Sherwood. The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 3rd ed. (New York McGraw-Hill, 1977). Also from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Boca Raiton, FL CRC Press, (various) years) P. J. Linstrom and W. G. Mallard, Eds., NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, June 2005, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, 20899 (httpyAvebbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid). C. L. Yaws, Handbook of Vapor Pressure (vol. 4) (Houston Gulf Publishing, 1995). 

TABLE A.2.1 Heat Capacity of Ideal gases Organic Compounds 

Van Ness, and M. M.Ahhott, Introduction to ChenrticdEngineering Thermodynamics, 5th ed. (New York McGraw-Hill, 1996). 

Linstrom and W. G. Mallard, Eds., NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, June 2005, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD, 20899 (httpi/Avebbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid). 

TABLE k22 Heat Capacity of Ideal Gases Inorganic Compounds 

The characteristics of the fluid to be heated should be given. If there is a possibility that some 

Maximum permissible temperature is often critical. The higher the temperature reached by the fluid, the greater the tendency to decompose or crack. Such cracking may make products off-color or otherwise objectionable and might even require expensive treatment or redistillation. In some instances, corrosion may increase rapidly after certain temperatures are passed. For this reason the maximum permissible temperature to which the fluid may be heated must be specified. Note that the highest temperature may not be at the heater exit but may be some distance back in the tubes if the rate of pressure drop is high near the end. 

The temperature must be based on experience with the particular fluid. For crude petroleum and residues, temperatures of around 725 to 750° F are commonly given as maximums. Such temperature limits do not apply when the purpose of the heater is to produce a molecular rearrangement, as in thermal cracking, reforming or viscosity breaking. 

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Design Institute for Physical Property Data dimethylformamide dimethylsulfoxide I distribution octane number Economic Commission for Europe j European Economic Community i (Communaute Economique Europeenne)... 

In general, the first step in virtual screening is the filtering by the application of Lipinski s Rule of Five [20]. Lipinski s work was based on the results of profiling the calculated physical property data in a set of 2245 compounds chosen from the World Drug Index. Polymers, peptides, quaternary ammonium, and phosphates were removed from this data set. Statistical analysis of this data set showed that approximately 90% of the remaining compounds had ... 

After distillation terminates (Ethanol boils at 78.4C), test your Safrole using the physical properties data below to confirm purity. Theoretically, your product should be better than 99% pure now. 

Analytical investigations may be undertaken to identify the presence of an ABS polymer, characterize the polymer, or identify nonpolymeric ingredients. Fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy is the method of choice to identify the presence of an ABS polymer and determine the acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene ratio of the composite polymer (89,90). Confirmation of the presence of mbber domains is achieved by electron microscopy. Comparison with available physical property data serves to increase confidence in the identification or indicate the presence of unexpected stmctural features. Identification of ABS via pyrolysis gas chromatography (91) and dsc ((92) has also been reported. 

In general, the peilluoioepoxides have boiling points that are quite similar to those of the corresponding fluoroalkenes. They can be distinguished easily from the olefins by it spectroscopy, specifically by the lack of olefinic absorption and the presence of a characteristic band between 1440 and 1550 cm . The nmr spectra of most of the epoxides have been recorded. Litde physical property data concerning these compounds have been pubhshed (Table 1). The stmcture of HFPO by electron diffraction (13) as well as its solubility and heats of solution in some organic solvents have been measured (14,15). 

Technical data. Design Institute for Physical Property Data (DIPPR) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), through STN International, Columbus, Ohio, 1992. 

Physical Properties. Physical properties of waste as fuels are defined in accordance with the specific materials under consideration. The greatest degree of definition exists for wood and related biofuels. The least degree of definition exists for MSW, related RDF products, and the broad array of ha2ardous wastes. Table 3 compares the physical property data of some representative combustible wastes with the traditional fossil fuel bituminous coal. The soHd organic wastes typically have specific gravities or bulk densities much lower than those associated with coal and lignite. 

Physical property data. Union Carbide Corp. Danbury, Conn. 

Table 1. Physical Property Data for Propylene Oxide...

Table 2. Propylene Oxide Physical Property Data as a Function of Temperature ...

Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships. A useful way to predict physical property data has become available, based only on a knowledge of molecular stmcture, that seems to work well for pyridine compounds. Such a prediction can be used to estimate real physical properties of pyridines without having to synthesize and purify the substance, and then measure the physical property. 

Data on chemical properties such as self-dissociation constants for sulfuric and dideuterosulfuric acid (60,65,70,71), as well as an excellent graphical representation of physical property data of 100% H2SO4 (72), are available in the Hterature. Critical temperatures of sulfuric acid solutions are presented in Figure 10 (73). 

DIPPRData Compilation File (STN International online service). Design Institute for Physical Property Data, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa., Aug. 1994. 

Prestone II Physical Properties Data Bulletin, 7th ed.. Union Carbide Corporation, Tarrytown, N.Y., 1974. 

This article discusses traditional hull ding and construction products, ie, not made from synthetic polymers (see Building materials, plastic), including wood, asphalt, gypsum, glass products, Pordand cement, and bricks. The article presents information about each basic material, the products made from it, the basic processes by which the products or materials are produced, estimates of the quantity or doUar value of the quantities produced or used in the United States, and some pertinent chemical or physical properties related to the material. More detailed chemical and physical property data can be found in articles devoted to the individual materials (see Asphalt Cement Glass Wood). 

The vapoi piessuie values have been calculated at the indicated tempeiatuies using the lelationship derived from experimental data at Pennsylvania State University, and a critical review of Hterature references (5). This study is a part of the effort by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) to obtain accurate data through their Design Institute for Physical Property Data (DIPPR). 

The physical and thermodynamic properties of carbon monoxide are well documented in a number of excellent summaries (1 8). The thermochemical data cited here are drawn predominantly from references 1—3 physical property data from reference 5. A summary of particularly useful physical constants is presented in Table 1. 

Physical Properties. Data on physical properties of organic hypochlorites is limited. Some boiling points and densities of alkyl hypochlorites have been pubUshed as well as data on viscosity (259), uv spectra (8) and partition coefficients between CCl and water (260). The Hquid-phase equiUbria for... 

For additional physical property data over large temperature ranges, see Ref. 120. 

Table 2 gives physical property data for propylene chlorohydrins. 2-Chloro-l-propanol [78-89-7] HOCH2CHCICH2, is also named 2-propylene chlorohydrin, 2-chloropropyl alcohol, or 2-chloro-l-hydroxypropane. l-Chloro-2-propanol [127-00-4] CICH2CHOHCH2, also known as j -propjlene chlorohydrin, 1-chloroisopropyl alcohol, and l-chloro-2-hydroxypropane, is a colorless Hquid, miscible in water, ethanol, and ethyl ether. 

Physical property data for dichloropropanols, appear in Table 3. l,2-Dichloro-3-propanol [616-23-9] CICH2CHCICH2OH, is also known... 

This requirement of a physical property system is generally accommodated by enabling the user to create the equivalent of the permanent system data bank by expHcitly entering data in the same format. Such private data banks can be used independently or in conjunction with the system data bank. Data supphed in this way normally require that the user has access to expertise in physical property data and possibly in computer use as well. In these circumstances the user may also wish to provide data in tabular or polynomial form for use by an appropriate set of interpolative point generation routines. This facihty is shown at the top right of Figure 5. 

The equation developed by the Design Institute for Physical Property Data (DIPPR) is another successful correlating tool for vapor pressure (4). It is an empirical extension of the Antoine equation and has two additional constants, D and E ... 

C. L. Yaws, Thermodynamic and Physical Property Data, Gulf Pubhshing Co., Houston, Tex., 1992. 

R. P. Danner, and T. E. Daubert, Manualfor Predicting Chemical Process Design Data, Design Institute for Physical Property Data (AIChE), 1986, Chapt. 6. 

Union Carbide Corporation, Chemicals and Plastics Division, New York, 1965, unpubUshed physical property data. 

George H. Thomson, AIChE Design Institute for Physical Property Data (Section 2, Physical and Chemical Data)... 

Compiled from Daubert, T. E., R. R Danner, H. M. Sibul, and C. C. Stebbins, DIPPR Data Compilation of Pure Compound Properties, Project 801 Sponsor Release, July, 1993, Design Institute for Physical Property Data, AlChE, New York, NY and from Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds, Thermodynamics Research Center Hydrocarbon Project, Texas A M University, College Station, Texas (extant 1994). 

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