Unique factors

Polymers (both for plastics and for fibers) are a major part of the chemical industry. The composition of polymer melts can be of interest in several kinds of systems, including polymerization reactors, polymer melt transfer lines, and extruders. However, there are additional challenges involved when using NIR analyzers in such systems due to a number of unique factors sustained high temperatures, sudden changes in temperature, pressure extremes (high or low), polymer flow issues, and fouling. 

In the components analysis, components can be found with a strong relationship to only a single variable. This single variable component could also be considered to be the unique factor. The two models really aim at the same results and the differences are primarily of definition and sematlcs. The model as expressed in equation 17 can be expressed in matrix notation as... 

Hopke, et al. (4) and Gaarenstroom, Perone, and Moyers (7) used the common factor analysis approach in their analyses of the Boston and Tucson area aerosol composition, respectively. In the Boston data, for 90 samples at a variety of sites, six common factors were identified that were interpreted as soil, sea salt, oil-fired power plants, motor vehicles, refuse incineration and an unknown manganese-selenium source. The six factors accounted for about 78 of the system variance. There was also a high unique factor for bromine that was interpreted to be fresh automobile exhaust. Large unique factors for antimony and selenium were found. These factors may possibly represent emission of volatile species whose concentrations do not oovary with other elements emitted by the same source. 

What unique factors about children make them more susceptible to exposure to chemicals ... 

Until now, we have not made a distinction between the dissolving process of a covalent solid, such as sugar, and that of an ionic solid, such as table salt. Surface area and temperature affect both covalent and ionic solids. However, the dissolving of an ionic compound involves a unique factor the separation of ions from the lattice into individual dissolved ions. This process, called dissociation, can be represented as an equation. 

Supercritical fluid (SCF) food processing plants have become one of the more robust technologies for new applications within the food industry in recent years. The announcement of the construction and start up of a coffee decaffeination plant in Houston, Texas (X) has markedly heightened interest, resulting in increased awareness of the unique factors that apply to the design of the SCF processing plant and, more importantly, the considerations necessary to select equipment and components for installation in a SCF processing plant. 

Testing and evaluation. The maritime environment introduces unique factors that should be explicitly considered before accepting equipment from the Joint CBD Program and developing procedures for its use. The Navy s research, development, testing, and evaluation (RDT E) community is limited in its capa-... 

The first requirement is to determine the appropriate value of p, the number of factors necessary to describe the original data adequately. If p cannot be specified then the partition of total variance between common and unique factors cannot be determined. For our simple example with the mass spectra data it appears obvious that p = l, i.e. there are two common factors which we... 

For example, the concept of Kj, (Eq. (4.9)) corresponds to Henry adsorption isotherm (adsorption is proportional to the equilibrium concentration/pressure of the adsorbate), which can be derived from the adsorption reaction 4.1, whose equilibrium constant defined by Eq. (4.2) depends only on the nature of the adsorbent and the adsorbate, but it is independent of the experimental conditions (over certain limited range). It is well known that in principle Kjy is variable, e.g. the effect of the pH on is demonstrated in Figs. 4.28-4.63. These figures show that the pH is an important but not unique factor affecting the distribution of the adsorbate, e.g. the usually decreases when the concentration of the adsorbate increases at constant pH. However, a few cases of constant over a broad range of concentrations of the adsorbate are also reported in Tables 4.1 and 4.2. 

In formulating shampoos and conditioners to provide the above benefits, several unique factors must be considered. The products must act quickly, of the order of minutes, and at relatively low temperatures between 20 and 40°C. The viscosity of the formulations must also be sufficiently high to avoid runoff from the hand while still spreading easily on the hair. In addition, a shampoo must generate a rich and stable lather that can be rinsed easily. Finally, since shampoos and conditioners will be used in contact with skin and eyes, they must exhibit low toxicity and irritation. 

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