Related Requirements

Data concerning battery cost have to be treated with considerable caution. The uncertainty is both objective (changing commodity and labor costs unknown price of undeveloped components, mass production, recycling, etc.) and subjective (the enthusiasm of battery developers). 

Battery price is calculated on the basis of the material and manufacturing costs. The cost of the active materials is directly related to their availability. With the exception of Na-S, Fe-air, and a few other exploratory systems, all EV battery candidates are based on materials whch are either not too abundant worldwide, reside in diluted ores, or can be extracted viably only from ores located geographically in a few areas. The Imports may be subject to politically Induced shortages or stoppages, in analogy to the gasoline situation. In some cases, even the domestic resource utilization may become prohibitive because of the environmental impact. 

Material availability could become a serious problem if one thinks in terms of total conversion to electric cars. On the other hand, a 10% incremental demand on the reserves could support the production of 10 -10 batteries per year of each kind listed in Table 4.  

The potential availability problem might be substantially relieved if battery materials could be efficiently recovered. The development of cheap recycling methods is of primary importance 

Cycle life of sufficient duration, combined with acceptable specific energy, is the most elusive of the desirable battery attributes. Factors responsible for cycle life and reliability of a single cell vary in different systems they are connected with the mechanical, structural, and/or chemical changes accumulating in electrodes or other cell components upon cycling. These changes can often be 

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World reactor-related requirements are expected to increase from 57,182 t U in 1992 to about 75,673 t U by the year 2010. Some utiUties are expected to continue to meet their requirements by purchasing or drawing on excess inventory. Annual uranium production should remain below actual requirements until some target level of stocks is reached (27). 

World annual uranium requirements in 1993 were estimated at about 58,382 t natural uranium equivalent. Reactor-related requirements are expected to rise about 1015 t/yr on the average, reaching 75,700 t U total requirements in the year 2010. The cumulative aggregate world uranium requirements for the period 1993—2010 are estimated to be about 1.185 X 10 t U metal (29). 

Temperature. Temperature sensor selection and installation should be based on the process-related requirements of a particular situation, ie, temperature level and range, process environment, accuracy, and repeatabiHty. Accuracy and repeatabiHty are affected by the inherent characteristics of the device and its location and installation. For example, if the average temperature of a flowing fluid is to be measured, mounting the device nearly flush with... 

It is also a guideline to ensure product quahty through the suitabihty of the manufacturing equipment, air and water quahty, sanitation, insect and rodent control, and housekeeping. The FDA periodically sends inspectors to audit chemical companies who manufacture bulk pharmaceutical chemicals or inactive ingredients called excipients to ensure conformance. Whereas GMP conformance ensures that the product meets pharmaceutical quahty standards, it does not ensure conformance to customer-service-related requirements. 

A closer look at the Lewis relation requires an examination of the heat- and mass-transfer mechanisms active in the entire path from the hquid—vapor interface into the bulk of the vapor phase. Such an examination yields the conclusion that, in order for the Lewis relation to hold, eddy diffusivities for heat- and mass-transfer must be equal, as must the thermal and mass diffusivities themselves. This equahty may be expected for simple monatomic and diatomic gases and vapors. Air having small concentrations of water vapor fits these criteria closely. 

Preferred ratings, related requirements and application recommendations for LV power circuit breakers and a.c. power circuit protectors... 

ANSI C 37.06/1994 A.C. HV circuit breakers rated on a symnieirical curreni basis - preferred ratings and related required capabilities ... 

The flare provides a means of safe disposal of the vapor streams from these facilities, by burning them imder controlled conditions such that adjacent equipment or personnel are not exposed to hazards, and at the same time meeting pollution control and public relations requirements. 

Pollution Limitations - (i.e., smoke formation, malodorous or toxic combustion products, noise) which may be based on statutory and/or public relations requirements. 

Methods on how to implement hazardous material-related requirements through enhaneements of existing programs... 

A key part of the CANDU 9 design program was the review by the AECB that explored and resolved issues during design. PSA in the design process ensures that safety related requirements are addressed early to reduce retrofits as well as its role in safety assessment and licensing. 

A numbered paragraph or subsection of the standard containing one or more related requirements, such as 4.10.3. Note that each item in a list is also a clause. (See also Quality system element.)... 

Grouped and related requirements—must be implemented in groups and in sequence specified below... 

Thermodynamic, statistical This discipline tries to compute macroscopic properties of materials from more basic structures of matter. These properties are not necessarily static properties as in conventional mechanics. The problems in statistical thermodynamics fall into two categories. First it involves the study of the structure of phenomenological frameworks and the interrelations among observable macroscopic quantities. The secondary category involves the calculations of the actual values of phenomenology parameters such as viscosity or phase transition temperatures from more microscopic parameters. With this technique, understanding general relations requires only a model specified by fairly broad and abstract conditions. Realistically detailed models are not needed to un-... 

The related requirement that when A (x) = 8uO(x) (i.e., zero external field) there be no induced current, i.e., m<0 i (a ) 0)in = 0 (since by a gauge transformation we can revert to the free field case) implies that... 

I mentioned that new computer codes - RAFSCATT 1 and RAF-SCATT 2 have been very recently formulated by Dr. Gary Jacobs and Mr. William Anderson of Rockwell Hanford s Basalt Waste Isolation Project. These codes relate required engineered barrier (i.e., waste packages and seals performance to draft NRC and EPA criteria). A key part of these codes is that they partition... 

For proper management and disposal of the aforementioned universal wastes, a waste generator, a waste handler, a transporter, or a destination facility must understand the legal definitions of wastes and their legal status. The following is an overview of legal definitions and related requirements. 

Notice that in the region of fast chemical reaction, the effectiveness factor becomes inversely proportional to the modulus h2. Since h2 is proportional to the square root of the external surface concentration, these two fundamental relations require that for second-order kinetics, the fraction of the catalyst surface that is effective will increase as one moves downstream in an isothermal packed bed reactor. 

Because a PrHA can require a substantial investment, it is important to identify potential overlap with other DOE hazard analysis requirements. This section provides a recommended approach for satisfying the PSM Rule and the related requirements of a nuclear safety analysis report (SAR). 

Hence, catalysis related challenges for SOFC cathode are the development of cathode specifications, i.e., material and microstructure, having high catalytic activity for oxygen reduction at 600 °C, high electron and ion conductivity, and a low sensitivity for poisoning by volatile Cr species. Again, as for the anode, cost and compatibility related requirements have to be considered. 

Once the spontaneous direction of a natural process is determined, we may wish to know how far the process will proceed before reaching equilibrium. For example, we might want to find the maximum yield of an industrial process, the equilibrium solubility of atmospheric carbon dioxide in natural waters, or the equilibrium concentration of a group of metabolites in a cell. Thermodynamic methods provide the mathematical relations required to estimate such quantities. 

In the past twenty years many legal provisions have been created to regulate substance flows (recycling management systems, waste management, electrical and automotive recycling). In many instances these laws exphcitly contain threshold values for certain substances or even ban certain substances. They are thus very effective on the use of these substances in production processes. This is also tme for threshold values of chlorinated compounds in industrial waste, the ban on certain heavy metals in the automotive industry and substance-related requirements for waste water from the textile industry (Annexe 38 of Waste Water Ordinance ). 

An ocular endotamponade has to fulfil the related requirements of the particularities for this special application. 

Low cost sensors for detecting hydrogen leaks and other safety related requirements. 

Once on medication, it is important to evaluate any new onset of treatment-emergent symptoms, especially if they are exercise related. Acute onset of dizziness, fatigue, light-headedness, sedation, syncope, and nearsyncope (especially if exercise related) require close clinical monitoring and possible evaluation using Hol-ter monitor and/or echocardiogram (Oesterheld and Tervo, 1996). 

The stereochemical outcome of this sequence traces back to the Grignard addition step. The rotamer of the starting ketone (10-1), which involves the fewest nonbonding interactions, is that which opposes the two aromatic rings as shown in the Newman projection below. Isomer (10-2a) will be formed if it is assumed that the organo-metallic adds from that direction, which will lead to the fewest steric interactions in the product giving (10-2a). The rotamer (10-2b) from this product, which has the tmns hydroxyl-proton relation required for dehydration, leads to the observed product (9-3). 

These relations require only a knowledge of the molecular weights and the critical temperatures and pressures (the latter may be obtained from the summary of Lydersen (L7) or from that of Kobe and Lynn (K13). Equation (89) gives results which agree with experimental data within about 8%. To this author s knowledge no empirical relations have been proposed for hr. 

This chapter will focus on those additional GMP requirements for the manufacture of excipient ingredients under an ISO 9001 compliant quality system. While certification to ISO 9001 is unnecessary for compliance to excipient GMPs, many of the manufacturing-related requirements as noted above are essential for adequate GMP conformance. With the numerous ISO 9001 compliance resources available, this chapter will assume the reader has the knowledge to implement those relevant general ISO 9001 requirements. 

Note that this relation requires no detailed knowledge of the bath, but only its general thermodynamic properties.5 0... 

The complete stress-strain relation requires the six as to be written in terms of the six y components. The result is a 6 x 6 matrix with 36 coefficients in place of the single constant, Twenty-one of these coefficients (the diagonal elements and half of the cross elements) are needed to express the deformation of a completely anisotropic material. Only three are necessary for a cubic crystal, and two for an amorphous isotropic body. Similar considerations prevail for viscous flow, in which the kinematic variable is y. 

In unpublished experiments by the late P. Ya. Sadovnikov (Institute of Chemical Physics), the combustion velocities of explosive mixtures of carbon monoxide with air, diluted by the combustion products, were compared. The diluted mixtures were preheated so that their combustion temperatures did not differ from the combustion temperature of the undiluted mixture. These experiments confirmed with sufficient accuracy the relation required by the theory... 

In the literature, this relation is commonly called the Fokker-Planck equation. It is important and instructive to point out that the derivation of the Fokker-Planck relation requires the existence of the first two moments. For the Levy processes, there does not exist a Fokker-Planck equation. 

Editability For some applications, it is important to access the audio within a coded bitstream with high accuracy (down to one sample). Other applications demand just a time resolution in the order of one coder frame size (e.g. 24 ms) or no editability at all. A related requirement is break-in, i.e. the possibility to start decoding at any point in the bitstream without long synchronization times. 

The second fundamental element in Part 11 is the high level of security required to protect regulated electronic records. The requirements for application and network component security can be found in Table 15-1. The controls that are implemented resulting from the security related requirements are intended to build a trusted digital environment. The attributes relevant to a trusted digital environment are ... 

Table 15-1. Part 11 security related requirements/controls.

Section 6.2). An example of such a calibration measurement is shown in Fig. 1.18 where Is photoionization in helium with the energy-independent p value of p = 2 was selected. The angle-dependent intensity varies between a maximum and a minimum value. Within these limits, at a certain angle partial cross section. The above relation requires for this case that... 

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