Emergency treatment

Both emergeney and aeute, nonemergeney medieal treatment should be available at the worksite. The plan should be integrated with the overall site plan and the surrounding eommunity emergeney and disaster plan. In addition, input from and review by the oeeupational medieine physi-eian and health and safety personnel is invaluable for developing the medieal and emergeney preparedness portions of the plan. 

The following guidelines for establishing an emergeney treatment program should be doeumented or refereneed in the safety plan  

Train a team of site personnel in emergeney first aid. 

Train personnel in emergeney deeontamination proeedures in eoordi-nation with the emergeney response plan. 

Establish an on-eall team of medieal speeialists for emergeney eonsultations. 

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As an emergency treatment, the washing of the contaminated body parts with a 5% thiosulfate solution is recommended. If swallowed, gastric lavage with 5% solution of thiosulfate, followed by saline catharsis should be accompHshed. If pulmonary signs are severe, oxygen should be suppHed with intermittent positive-pressure breathing apparatus. 

Review emergency treatment procedures and update the list of emergency contacts. 

A plant worker opened the hatch of a reactor and manually charged it with caustic soda. However, he had failed to check the reactor prior to charging, and the caustic soda reacted with chemicals already present to release a toxic by-product. The worker was overcome, and only survived following emergency treatment. 

Soar J, Pumphrey R, Cant A, Clarke S, Corbett A, Dawson P> et al Emergency treatment of anaphylactic reactions - guidelines for healthcare providers. Resuscitation 2008 77 157-169. 

Prevention and Emergency Treatment 151 Immunotherapy 151 Efficacy and Safety... 

Disulfiram works by irreversibly blocking the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, a step in the metabolism of alcohol, resulting in increased blood levels of the toxic metabolite acetaldehyde. As levels of acetaldehyde increase, the patient experiences decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, chest pain, palpitations, dizziness, flushing, sweating, weakness, nausea and vomiting, headache, shortness of breath, blurred vision, and syncope. These effects are commonly referred to as the disulfiram-ethanol reaction. Their severity increases with the amount of alcohol that is consumed, and they may warrant emergency treatment. Disulfiram is contraindicated in patients who have cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, because the hypotensive effects of the disulfiram-alcohol reaction could be fatal in such patients or in combination with antihypertensive medications. Disulfiram is relatively contraindicated in patients with diabetes, hypothyroidism, epilepsy, liver disease, and kidney disease as well as impulsively suicidal patients. 

Drug desensitization is a potentially life-threatening procedure that requires continuous monitoring in a hospital setting with suitable access to emergency treatment and intubation. It should be undertaken only under the direction of a physician with suitable training and experience. In such hands, desensitization presents less risk than treatment failure with a less effective alternative medication. 

Since rapid death may occur with certain infections in neutropenic patients, prompt and emergent treatment is indicated. The primary goal is to prevent morbidity and mortality during the neutropenic period. This is accomplished by effectively treating subclinical infections or established infections. 

Does the patient have a known cancer at presentation Assess the patient s symptoms at presentation to determine the need for emergent treatment versus disease-specific treatment following tissue diagnosis. 

Skin Contact Unlikely that emergency treatment will be required gently wrap affected part in blankets if warm water is not available or practical to use allow circulation to return naturally if adverse effects occur, seek medical attention immediately. 

Lack of emergency treatment, namely a viable medical antidote... 

Both H2SO4 and HF catalysts suffer from substantial drawbacks. Anhydrous HF is a corrosive and highly toxic liquid with a boiling point close to room temperature. Tests in the Nevada desert showed that, if released into the atmosphere, HF forms stable aerosols, which drift downwind at ground level for several kilometers. In 1987, the accidental release of gaseous HF in Texas City resulted in emergency treatment for several hundred people (9). Therefore,... 

Rice. Rice, a major food crop in the tropics, is highly resistant to 2,4-D at most periods of growth. Although chemical weed control is widely used in the United States, relatively little has been done in the tropics. Some chemical weed control in rice has begun in Cuba (18), Philippines (39), Malaya (6), and Venezuela (16). Both dinitrophenol and pentachlorophenol were effective as pre-emergence treatments in Venezuela, and CMU gave very promising preliminary results. 

Zhanel GQ Hisanaga T, Nichol K, Wierzbowski A, Hoban DJ. (2003) Ketolides An emerging treatment for macrolide-resistant respiratory infections, focusing on S. pneumoniae. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 8 297-321. 

Joy SV, Scates AC, Bearelly S, Dar M, Taulien CA, Goebel JA, Cooney MJ. (2005) Ruboxistaurin, a protein kinase-c beta inhibitor, as an emerging treatment for diabetes microvascular complications. Ann Pharmacother 39 1693-1699. 

Ng RC, Darwish H, Stewart DA. 1974. Emergency treatment of petroleum distillate and turpentine ingestion. Can Med Assoc J 111 537-538. 

Recombinant glucagon Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia emergency treatment for severe hypogycaemic reactions... 

An initial IV dose ranging from 25 to 50 meg is recommended in the emergency treatment of myxedema complications in adults. In patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease, an initial dose of 10 to 20 meg is suggested. 

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